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CCEA GCSE Digital Technology Unit 1 > Chapter 5 - Computer Hardware > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Computer Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

What does CPU stand for?

A

Central Processing Unit

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2
Q

What are the main 3 components of a CPU?

A

Control Unit
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Immediate Access Store (IAS)

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3
Q

What are the 3 main jobs of the Control Unit?

A

Decide which instruction to carry out next and fetch it from memory
Decode the instruction
Execute the instruction

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4
Q

What is the function of the ALU?

A

Arithemtic calculations - addition, subtraction, etc
Logical operations - AND, OR, NOT

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5
Q

What is the function of the IAS?

A

Also known as main memory or primary memory.
The IAS stores all programs and data while they are in use.

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6
Q

What are the 5 registers used in the fetch-execute cycle?

A

Program Counter (PC)
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Memory Data Register (MDR)
Instruction Register (IR)
Accumulator

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7
Q

What is the function of the Program Counter (PC)?

A

The PC is a register in the CPU that holds the address of the NEXT instruction to be executed

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8
Q

What is the function of the Memory Address Register (MAR)?

A

The MAR is a register in the CPU that holds the address of the CURRENT instruction that is being executed

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9
Q

What is the function of the Memory Data Register (MDR)?

A

The MDR is a register in the CPU that temporaily holds any data that is being fetched from, or written to, the IAS.

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10
Q

What is the function of the Instruction Register (IR)?

A

The Instruction Register is a register in the CPU that holds the INSTRUCTION that is currently being decoded and executed

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11
Q

What is the function of the Accumulator?

A

The ACC is a register in the CPU that stores the results of any calculations that take place

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12
Q

What are the 3 factors that influence the speed of processing?

A

Clock Speed
Cache
Processor Cores

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13
Q

What is clock speed?

A

Clock speed is an indicator of the speed at which the processor can operate.
It represents how many instruction cycles the CPU can perform in a second
Faster clock speed = more instructions per second = faster processing speed

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14
Q

What are the units used to measure clock speed?

A

Clock speed is usually measured in Gigahertz (GHz)
1 GHz = 1 billion cycles per second

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15
Q

What is processor cache?

A

Cache is a small capacity, but very fast, memory that is located between the CPU and RAM.
Bigger cache = faster processor speed.

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16
Q

How many cores does a dual core processor have?

A

Dual core = 2 processor cores.

17
Q

How many cores does a quad core processor have?

A

Quad core = 4 processor cores

18
Q

How does the number of cores affect processing speed?

A

More cores = faster processing

19
Q

List 4 input devices

A

Mouse
Keyboard
Microphone
Graphics digitiser

20
Q

List an input/output device

A

Touch screen

21
Q

List 4 output devices

A

Printer (laser printer or inkjet printer)
Monitor
Speakers
3D Printer

22
Q

List 3 external storage devices

A

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Solid State Drive (SSD)
Memory Card

23
Q

What does non-volatile mean?

A

Non volatile storage can keep data whenever the power is turned off

24
Q

What are the 3 main types of external storage?

A

Magnetic Storage (Hard disk, magnetic tape)
Flash Storage (SSD, Memory cards, pen drives)
Optical Storage (CD’s, DVD’s, Blu-ray disks)

25
Q

What are the 3 types of internal memory?

A

RAM (Random Access Memory)
ROM (Read Only Memory)
Cache

26
Q

What is volatile memory?

A

Volatile memory needs power to store data.
When the power is turned off, all data is lost.

27
Q

Which 2 types of internal memory are volatile?

A

RAM
cache

28
Q

What is the function of RAM?

A

RAM stores programs and data that are currently being executed
Programs and data must be loaded from external storage when they are being run.

29
Q

What is the function of ROM?

A

ROM cannot be written to, so is used to permanently store programs that are frequently use db ythe computer.
The ‘boot-up’ files needed when the computer starts are stored on ROM

30
Q

What is the function of cache memory?

A

Similar to RAM but smaller and faster!

CCEA GCSE Digital Technology Unit 1 (10 decks)

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