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CCEA GCSE Digital Technology Unit 1 > Chapter 1 - Digital Data > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Digital Data Flashcards

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1
Q

What is data?

A

Raw facts and figures, without meaning

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2
Q

Give an example of data

A

14

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3
Q

What is information?

A

Data that has been processed and has meaning

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4
Q

Give an example of information

A

14 years old

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5
Q

What is input?

A

When data is entered into a computer

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6
Q

What is Processing?

A

When a computer runs a program to change data into information

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7
Q

What is output?

A

When a computer sends information back to the user

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8
Q

What is a bit (b)?

A

A binary Digit. A single 1 or 0.

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9
Q

What is a byte (B)?

A

8 bits

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10
Q

What is a Nibble (Nybble)?

A

4 bits

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11
Q

What is a character?

A

A letter, digit, punctuation mark or control code stored in digital format as a byte

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12
Q

What is a KiloByte (KB)?

A

1024 Bytes

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13
Q

What is a MegaByte (MB)?

A

1024 KB or 1024 KiloBytes

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14
Q

What is a GigaByte (GB)?

A

1024 MB or 1024 MegaBytes

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15
Q

What is a TeraByte (TB)

A

1024 GB or 1024 GigaBytes

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16
Q

What is ASCII?

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCII is a way of representing letters and symbols using binary codes.
ASCII uses 7 bits to represent each character.
ASCII can represent 128 different characters.

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17
Q

What is Extended ASCII?

A

Uses 8 bits to represent each character.
245 characters can be represented.

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18
Q

What is a data type?

A

Data can be allocated a data type.
Data types include: Number; Text (or String); Date/Time

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19
Q

What is a NUMBER data type?

A

A number type can represent:
- integers (whole numbers);
- Real numbers (with a decimal point)

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20
Q

Give an example of an integer

A

4

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21
Q

Give an example of a real number

A

4.4

22
Q

What is a STRING data type?

A

String data types can represent:
- Characters (single letters)
- Text (a word or sentence)

23
Q

Give an example of a character

A

A

24
Q

Give an example of a text string

A

The brown fox jumped over the lazy dog

25
Q

Give an example of a short date

A

01/01/2000

26
Q

Give an example of a long date

A

1st April 2024

27
Q

What is a pixel?

A
  • The smallest unit of an image that can be edited/displayed
  • Each pixel can have its own colour
  • A Bitmap image is made up of pixels
  • Each pixel is stored as a series of binary digits
28
Q

What is resolution?

A

Resolution is a measure of the quality of the image.
It is measured in pixels per inch / number of pixels

29
Q

How does resolution affect image quality?

A

More pixels = better quality = larger file size = more storage space
Fewer pixels = lower quality = smaller file size = less storage space

30
Q

What is a bitmap graphic?

A

A bitmap image is made up of pixels

31
Q

What is a vector graphic?

A

Stores information about the components (shapes) that make up an image
The components are mathematical objects such as lines, curves and shapes
A vector graphic can be resized without losing quality

32
Q

What is file compression?

A

Compression removes unnecessary data from a file to make it smaller (so it takes up less storage space)
There are 2 types of compression:
- lossy compression
- lossless compression

33
Q

What types of image file format are uncompressed?

A

.bmp files

34
Q

What types of image file format are compressed?

A

.gif (Graphics Interchange Format) - Also allow animated images
.png (Portable Network Graphics) - Developed for use on webpages
.jpg (Joint Photographic Expert Group) - Allows different levels of compression so files can be kept better quality or reduced in size as required

35
Q

What is lossy compression?

A

The data that is removed is lost and cannot be recovered

36
Q

What is lossless compression?

A

The data that is removed can be recovered so the quality is maintained

37
Q

What is pixelation?

A

When a bitmap image is enlarged so that the individual pixels become visible

38
Q

What is streaming?

A

A process that allows sound or video to be played on a website straight away without waiting for the full video to download

39
Q

What is a buffer? (In the context of audio or video streaming)

A

Computer memory used to store part of a video file before it is seen

40
Q

What is sample rate?

A

The number of audio samples captured each second when recording sound digitally
Measured in Hertz (Hz)
Higher sample rate = better quality = larger file size = more storage required

41
Q

What is bit depth?

A

The number of bits used to record each sound sample
Higher bit depth = better quality = larger file size = more storage required

42
Q

What is bit rate?

A

The number of bits processed in a given amount of time
Usually measured in Kilobits per second (kbps)

43
Q

What is an analogue signal?

A

A continuously varying signal that represents a physical quantity

44
Q

What is digital format?

A

Data stored as 1’s and 0’s

45
Q

What is an ADC?

A

Analogue to Digital Converter
Converts an analogue signal (like light, sound, temperature) into digital format for computer input

46
Q

What is a DAC?

A

Digital to Analogue Converter
Converts a digital signal into analogue format for output from a computer

47
Q

Name 3 sound file formats

A

.wav (Windows Audio Waveform)
.mp3 (Moving Picture Experts Group)
.wma (Windows Media Audio)

48
Q

Name 4 portable text file formats

A

.txt (text)
.csv (Comma Separated Variable)
.rtf (Rich Text Format)
.pdf (Portable Document Format)

49
Q

What is a MIDI file?

A

Musical Instrument Digital Interface
A file format…
…that allows musical instruments to be connected to a computer for input/output

50
Q

Name 2 portable video file formats

A

.mp4 (Moving Picture Experts Group)
.avi (Audio Video Interleaved)

CCEA GCSE Digital Technology Unit 1 (10 decks)

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