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Immunology-Serology > Chapter 5 - Complement System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Complement System Flashcards

1
Q

He was the first to elucidate the complement system.

A

Jules Bordet

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2
Q

He coined the term “complement” because these proteins “complements” antibodies to cell lysis.

A

Paul Ehrlich

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3
Q

Which is usually the bigger fragment, a or b?

A

Fragment b

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4
Q

The complement that is exempted from the rule that the fragment b is bigger than fragment a.

A

C2

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5
Q

Which is bigger, C2a or C2b?

A

C2a

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6
Q

The complement number is based on?

A

Its order of discovery

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7
Q

Trimolecular complex of q, r and s.

A

C1

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8
Q

The q, r and s of C1 in the classical pathway are connected by?

A

Calcium

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9
Q

Most abundant complement protein.

A

C3

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10
Q

The complement which has the highest molecular weight

A

C1

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11
Q

Complement proteins when subjected to electrophoresis are found at which region?

A

Beta

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12
Q

Complement proteins are synthesized by which organ?

A

Liver

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13
Q

Besides the liver, some complements can be synthesized by other parts of the body. Which body parts are these and which complement can they produce?

A

Intestinal epithelial cells - C1

Adipose - factor D

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14
Q

The first complement pathway to be described.

A

Classical pathway

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15
Q

The classical pathway is initiated by?

A

2 IgGs and 1 IgM

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16
Q

Recognition unit of the classical pathway

A

C1 (C1q, C1r and C1s)

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17
Q

Activation units of the classical pathway

A

C2, C3, C4

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18
Q

Membrane attack complex (MAC)

A

C5 to C9

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19
Q

C3 convertase in the classical pathway

A

C4b2a

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20
Q

C5 convertase

A

C4b2a3b

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21
Q

The end result of the complement system.

A

Cell lysis

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22
Q

Also known as the bypass pathway.

A

Alternative pathway

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23
Q

The alternative pathways starts with which complement?

A

C3

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24
Q

Activating substance for the alternative pathway.

A

LPS (bacterial capsule), IgA

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25
Q

In the alternative pathway, the C3-C5 convertase is stabilized by?

A

Properdin

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26
Q

The recognition unit for the alternative pathway

A

C3, factor B, factor D

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27
Q

C3 convertase in the alternative pathway

A

C3bBbP

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28
Q

C5 convertase in the alternative pathway

A

C3bBb3bP

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29
Q

True or False: C3 is present in all pathways.

A

True

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30
Q

Which complement proteins are not present in the alternative pathway?

A

C1, C2, and C4

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31
Q

Which complement protein/s is/are not present in the lectin pathway?

32
Q

The recognition unit for the lectin pathway

A

MASP-1, -2, -3

33
Q

Activating substance in the lectin pathway

A

Mannose group on microbial cell

34
Q

Which electrolyte is necessary for the lectin pathway?

35
Q

Which electrolyte is necessary for the alternative pathway?

36
Q

Which electrolyte is necessary for the classical pathway?

37
Q

C3 convertase of the lectin pathway.

38
Q

C5 convertase of the lectin pathway.

39
Q

Complement pathway that is also known as the properdin pathway.

A

Alternative pathway

40
Q

Major regulator of the classical pathway.

A

C1 inhibitor

41
Q

Cleaves C3b and C4b

42
Q

Cofactor with Factor I to inactivate C3b; prevents binding of B to C3b

43
Q

Acts as a cofactor with factor I to inactivate C4b

A

C4 binding protein

44
Q

Major regulator of the alternative pathway.

A

Factor factor H

45
Q

Prevents attachment of the C5b67 complex to cell membrane.

46
Q

Accelerates dissociation of C3 convertase.

A

Decay accelerating factor (DAF)

47
Q

The disease associated with patients without DAF.

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

48
Q

Blood group associated with DAF.

49
Q

CD receptor for DAF

50
Q

It prevents bystander lysis of red cells.

51
Q

It prevents insertion of C9 into the cell membrane.

52
Q

CD receptor for MIRL.

53
Q

Most common complement deficiency.

A

C2 deficiency

54
Q

Complement deficiency associated with severe recurrent infections and glomerulonephritis.

A

C3 deficiency

55
Q

Complement deficiency associated with Neisseria syndrome, meningitidis and gonorrhoea

56
Q

Complement deficiency with no known associated disease.

A

C9 deficiency

57
Q

Deficiency in this complement regulator is associated with hereditary angioedema (HAE or HANE)

A

C1 inhibitor

58
Q

Deficiency in this complement regulator is associated with recurrent pyogenic infection.

A

Factor H or I

59
Q

Most commonly measured complement protein.

60
Q

Assay in measuring the activity of the complement components of the classical pathway.

A

CH50 assay

61
Q

Assay in measuring the activity of the complement components of the alternative pathway.

A

AH50 assay

62
Q

What does the 50 in CH50 and AH50 assay indicate?

A

50% is used because this is when the change in lytic activity per unit change in complement is at maximum.

63
Q

Which is more clinically significant, elevated or decreased complement components?

A

Decreased complement levels

64
Q

Enumerate the inhibitors of MAC

A

MIRL (CD59), HRF

65
Q

Traditional test to differentiate between N. meningitidis from N. gonorrhoea.

A

Carbohydrate utilization test

66
Q

Deficiency on this complement component is associated with pneumococcal diseases, sepsis and Neisseria infections.

67
Q

Deficiency on this complement component is associated with pneumococcal diseases.

68
Q

Deficiency on this complement component is associated with Neisseria infections.

69
Q

What is detected in the complement fixation test?

A

Complement-fixing antibody

70
Q

How is complement fixation test reported?

A

Highest dilution without hemolysis

71
Q

Positive result in complement fixation test

A

Red cells not lysed

72
Q

Negative result in complement fixation test

A

Red cell lysis

73
Q

Where do you get the red cell used for complement fixation test?

A

Sheep’s RBC

74
Q

Where do you get the complement proteins present in complement fixation test?

A

Guinea pigs

75
Q

2 systems involved for complement fixation.

A

Test system / bacteriolytic system and indicator system / hemolytic system

Immunology-Serology (6 decks)

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