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HEAL3600 > Chapter 5: Community Organizing/Building and Health Promotion > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Community Organizing/Building and Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the assumptions (identified by Ross) under which organizers work when bringing a community together to solve a problem?

A
  1. Communities of people can develop the capacity to deal with their own problems.
  2. People want to change and can change.
  3. People should participate in making, adjusting, or controlling the major changes taking
    place within their communities.
  4. Changes in community living that are self-imposed or self-developed have a meaning and permanence that imposed changes do not have.
  5. A “holistic approach” can successfully address problems with which a “fragmented approach” cannot cope.
  6. Democracy requires cooperative participation and action in the affairs of the community, and people must learn the skills that make this possible.
  7. Frequently, communities of people need help in organizing to deal with their needs, just as many individuals require help in coping with their individual problems.
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2
Q

What is the difference between top-down and grassroots community organizing?

A
  • top-down organization: when individuals from outside of the comunity initiate community organization
  • grassroots comunity organizing: citizen initiated community organizing, aka bottom-up bc groups and leadership are built from scratch
  • bottom up efforts of people taking collective actions of their own behalf, involves use of sophisticated blend of confrontation and cooperation in order to achieve their ends
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3
Q

What is a needs assessment? Why is it important in the health promotion programming process?

A
  • process where data about the issues of concern are collected and analyzed
  • important for prioritizing and developing strategies for certain concerns or problems
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4
Q

What are the five major steps and one quasi-step in

program development?

A
  1. Assessing needs
    - collecting and analyzing data to determine health needs of a pop
    - setting priorities and selecting priority pop
  2. Setting goals and objectives
    - what will be accomplished
  3. Developing interventions
    - how goals and objectives will be achieved
  4. Implementing interventions
    - putting interventions into action
  5. Evaluating resluts
    - improving quality and determining effectiveness

Quasi-step: Pre-planning
- gathering answers to key questions that’ll help planners to understand and engage w/ the community

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5
Q

what is a goal?

A
  • a future event toward which a committed endeavor is directed
  • expected to provide overall direction for the program
  • more general
  • doesn’t have specific deadline
  • takes longer to complete
  • often not measures in exact terms
  • easy to write
  • includes 2 components: who will be affected and what will change bc of the program
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6
Q

what is an objective?

A
  • steps taken in pursuit of a goal
  • can vary in number and type
  • more needed the more complex a program is
  • composed of 4 parts (who, what, when and how much)
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7
Q

what are best practices?

A

recommendations for interventions based on critical review of multiple research and eval studies that substantiate the efficacy of the intervention

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8
Q

what are best experiences?

A

intervention strategies used in prior or existing programs that haven’t gone through critical research and eval studies

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9
Q

what are best processes?

A

original intervention strategies planners create based on their knowledge and skills of good planning processes including involvement of those in priority pop and use of theories and models

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10
Q

what is formative evaluation?

A

evaluation conducted during the planning and implementing processes to improve or refine the program

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11
Q

what is summative evaluation?

A

evaluation that determines the effects of a program on the priority pop

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12
Q

what is impact evaluation?

A

the evaluation that focuses on immediate observable effects of a program

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13
Q

what is outcome evaluation?

A

evaluation that focuses on the end result of the program

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14
Q

what does the number of years of potential life lost statistic mean?

A

if a person dies before their time, how many years did you lose?

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15
Q

what is one of the biggest noncommunicable diseases?

A

heart disease

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16
Q

what is prevention?

A

planning for and taking of action to prevent or forestall the occurrence of an undesirable event

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17
Q

what is intervention?

A

efforts to control a disease in progress

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18
Q

what is eradication?

A

complete elimination or uprooting of a disease from a human population

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19
Q

what is primary prevention?

A

methods we use before the disease develops, preventative measures that put off the onset of illness/disease before it gets the chance to develop

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20
Q

what is secondary prevention?

A

preventive measures that lead to being able to diagnose the disease really early and treat it properly

21
Q

what are the multiple levels of influence on behaviour?

A
  • Intrapersonal (between 2+ people)
  • Organizational influence
  • Community lvl influence
  • Interpersonal influence (Btwn self)
  • Public policy influence
  • physical environment
  • culture
22
Q

what is community capacity?

A
  • What resources does the community have in order to address health related health concerns?
  • empowering those impacted by a prob w/ knowledge and skills to understand the problem and the work cooperatively to deal w/ the prob
23
Q

what is empowerment?

A

social action process for people to gain mastery over their lives and the lives of their communities

24
Q

what is a macro practice?

A

methods of professional change that deal w/ issues beyond the individual, family, and small group level

25
Q

what is social capital?

A
  • processes and conditions among people and organizations that lead to their accomplishing a goal of mutual social benefit, usually characterized by interrelated constructs of trust, cooperation, civic engagement, and reciprocity, reinforced by networking
  • Everyone working together to get the job done
26
Q

what is community organizing?

A

combine goals, resources, develop and implement strategies within a community to get them ready to get a health intervention put into place

27
Q

what is evidence?

A

the body of data that can be used to make decisions (ex. literature reviews, personal experiences)

28
Q

what is an evidence-based practice?

A

systematically finding, appraising, and using evidence as basis for decision makjing

29
Q

what is the socio-ecological approach/ecological perspective?

A

individuals influence and are influenced by their faimlies, social networks, the organizations they participate in (workplaces, schools, religious organizations), the communities of which they are a part, and the society in which they live

30
Q

what is social advocacy?

A
  • used to address a prob through the application of pressure
  • creates conflict
31
Q

what are gatekeepers?

A

those who control, both formally and informally, the political climate of the community

32
Q

what is a task force?

A

a temporary group brough together for dealing w/ a specific prob

33
Q

what is a coalition?

A

formal alliance of orgnaizations that come togehter to work for a common goal

34
Q

what is community building?

A

an orientation to practice focused on community, rather than a strategic framework or approach, and on building capacities, not fixing probs

35
Q

what is mapping community capacity?

A

process of identifying community assets

36
Q

what are primary building blocks?

A
  • most accessible assets and capacities
  • located in neighbourhood, controlled by those who live in it
  • can be organized in assets and capacities of individuals and organizations
37
Q

what are secondary building blocks?

A
  • assets located in the neighbourhood but largely controlled by ppl outside
  • ex. social serbices agencies
38
Q

what are potential building blocks?

A
  • least accessible assets

- resources originating outside the neighbourhood and controlled by ppl outside

39
Q

miller has identified 5 criteria that community organizers need to consider when selecting a priority issue or problem:

A

issue/problem:

  1. must be winnable, ensuring that working on it doesn’t reinforce fatalistic attitudes and beliefs that things can’t be improved
  2. must be simple and specific, and explained shortly
  3. must unite members of the organizing group and involve them in a meaningful way in achieving resolution of the issue/problem
  4. should affect many ppl and build up community
  5. should be part of a larger plan/strategy to enhance the community
40
Q

what is turfism?

A

protectionism of subgroups within the larger group

41
Q

what is health education?

A

any combo of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities opportunities to acquire information and skills to make quality health decisions

42
Q

what is health promotion?

A

any planned combo of education, political, environmental, regulatory, organizational mechanism that support actions and conditions of living that are conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities

43
Q

what is program planning?

A

process by which an intervention is planned to help meet the needs of a priority population (people that the health promo program is intended to serve)

44
Q

what are the 6 steps involved in needs assessment?

A
  1. Determining purpose and scope of the needs assessment
    - What is it going to encompass? The community? Geographic bounds? Demographic?
    Always want to know health problem data
  2. gather data
  3. Analyze data
    - Is there a real problem? Look at rates of disease btwn communities
  4. Identify risk factors linked to the health problem
    - Ex. nobody engages in physical activity, risk factors
    1. Identify program focus
  • What activity? Campaign? Etc
  1. Validate prioritized need
    - Make sure the needs ur going to address are going to be validated w/ the data
45
Q

what is primary data?

A

data collected specifically for use in this process

46
Q

what is secondary data?

A

data that has already been collected for some other purpose (ex. health insurance claim records)

47
Q

what are the CDC’s 6 steps for program evaluation?

A
  1. engage stakeholders
  2. describe the program
  3. focus the evaluation design
  4. gather credible data
  5. justify conclusions
  6. ensure and share lessons learned
48
Q

what are the 4 standards of evaluation?

A
  • feasibility
  • accuracy
  • propriety
  • utility

HEAL3600 (12 decks)

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