Chapter 2: Organization that Help Shape Community Health

Question 1

3 classifications of agencies based on funding sources, responsibilities, and organizational structure:

Answer 1

1. Governmental
2. Quasi-governmental
3. Nongovernmental

Question 2

describe governmental health agencies

Answer 2

• Part of governmental structure
• Can be federal, state, or local
• Funded primarily by tax dollars
• Managed by gov’t officials
• Authority over some geographic area
• Exists @ 4 lvls: international, national, provincial, local

Question 3

describe international health agency WHO

Answer 3

• most widely recognized international gov’t health organization
• HQ in switzerland
• 6 regional offices around the world
• Not oldest world health-related international agency, but they’re the largest

Question 4

what is the history of WHO

Answer 4

• 1945: charter of the UN: article calling for establishment of health agency w/ wide powers
• 1946: UN reps created and ratified constitution of the WHO
• 1948: constitution went into force and WHO began work

Question 5

what is the organization of WHO

Answer 5

• Membership open to any nation that has ratified constitution and received majority vote of World Health Assembly
• World health assembly - delegates of member nations
• Approves WHO programs and budget
• 193 member countries
• WHO administered by diff lvls of staff

Question 6

what is the purpose and work of WHO?

Answer 6

• Primary objective: attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health
• 22 core functions to achieve objective
• Work financed by member nations
• Notable work - helping eradicate small pox
• Work guided by 11th general programme of work and the UN millennium declaration
• Progress reported in millenium development goals report 2013
• 6 major challenges to meeting goals

Question 7

what is Canada’s primary national health agency?

Answer 7

health canada

Question 8

what does the Office of audit and evaluation do?

Answer 8

provides independent and objective advice and assurance to deputy minister on effectiveness of risk mgmt, controls, and governance processes

Question 9

what is the Chief financial officer branch in charge of?

Answer 9

in charge of accountability to ensure rigorous stewardship of resources and managing for results

Question 10

what does the Communications and public affairs branch do?

Answer 10

integrating national and regional perspectives into all of their policies and strategies, communications, and consultations; transparency is important

Question 11

what does the Controlled substances and cannabis branch do

Answer 11

regulates controlled substances (cocaine, fentanyl, morphine, meth, etc)

Question 12

what does the Corporate services branch do

Answer 12

provide support to health canada (planning, financial mgmt, hr)

Question 13

what does the Departmental secretariat do

Answer 13

in charge of all administration

Question 14

what does the Health products and food branch do?

Answer 14

manage health related risks and benefits of health products and foods by minimizing health risk factors to canadians, maximize safety provided by regulatory system for health products and food; providing information to Canadians so they can make healthy, informed decisions about their health

Question 15

what does the Healthy environments and consumer safety branch do?

Answer 15

help canadians maintain and improve their health by promoting healthy and safe living, working, and recreational environments; reducing harm caused by tobacco, alcohol, etc

Question 16

what is the legal services branch in charge of?

Answer 16

in charge of providing legal services to health canada, give advice on policies, opinions, developing proposals, litigation support, assist staff

Question 17

what does the Opioid response team do

Answer 17

help protect health of canadians, promote healthy choices by coordinating federal response to opioid crisis

Question 18

what is the Pest mgmt regulatory agency responsible for

Answer 18

responsible for pesticide regulation in canada; ensures they pose minimal risk to human health and environment, reevaluates pesticides on the market on a 15 yr cycle, promote sustainable pest mgmt

Question 19

what is the Regulatory operations and enforcement branch in charge of

Answer 19

compliance and enforcement - make sure that canadians are informed and protected from health risks assoc. w/ products, substances, and the environment

Question 20

what does the Strategy policy branch do

Answer 20

develop effective policy responses to wide range of issues that can impact health of canadians; look at things that are priorities, emerging issues, and develop policies specifically to those things

Question 21

examples of mb’s ministry of health departments:

Answer 21

home care services, mental health and addictions, emergency medical services, nurse recruitment and retention, patient safety

Question 22

What characteristics of modern society necessitate planning and organization for community and public health?

Answer 22

(1) highly developed and centralized resources in our national institutions and organizations
(2) continuing concentration of wealth and population in the largest metropolitan areas
(3) rapid movement of information, resources, and people made possible by advanced communication and transportation technologies that eliminate the need for local offices where resources were once housed
(4) the globalization of health
(5) limited horizontal relationships between/among organizations
(6) a system of top-down funding (an approach where money is transmitted from either the federal or state government to the local level) for many community programs

Question 23

What are the three core functions of public health?

Answer 23

1. assessment of info on the health of the community
2. comprehensive public health policy development
3. assurance that public health services are provided to the community

Question 24

What are the 10 essential public health services?

Answer 24

1. Monitor health status to identify community health problems
2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
3. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
4. Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems
5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable
8. Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce
9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems

Question 25

What is meant by the term quasi-governmental agency?

Name one such agency.

Answer 25

• organizations that have some official health responsibilities but operate, in part, like voluntary health organizations—make important contributions to community health
• operate independently of gov’t supervision
• ex. Red cross

Question 26

Describe the characteristics of a nongovernmental health agency.

Answer 26

• funded by private donations or, in some cases, by membership dues
• arose bc of an unmet need
• agencies operate free from governmental interference as long as they meet Internal Revenue Service guidelines with regard to their specific tax status

Question 27

What are the major differences between a governmental health organization and a voluntary health agency?

Answer 27

• voluntary health agencies are created by one or more concerned citizens who thought that a specific health need was not being met by existing governmental agencies
• exists nationally, state, and locally
• funding is primary activity

Question 28

voluntary agencies share 4 basic objectives:

Answer 28

(1) to raise money to fund their programs, with the majority of the money going to fund research
(2) to provide education both to professionals and to the public,
(3) to provide service to those individuals and families that are afflicted with the disease or health problem
(4) to advocate for beneficial policies, laws, and regulations that affect the work of the agency and in turn the people they are trying to help