Chapter 4: Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Contrast the terms acute disease and chronic disease. Provide three examples of each type of disease.
- acute disease: infectious, diseases where the peak severity of symptoms occurs and subsides within 3 months/sooner and recovery of those who survive is complete (ex. common cold, flu, chickenpox)
- chronic disease: the symptoms last more than 3 months-rest of life, recovery slow & incomplete (ex. AIDS, TB, syphilis)
Contrast the terms communicable disease and noncommunicable disease. Provide three examples of each type of disease.
- communicable disease: infectious; diseases where the biological agents/products are the cause, are transmissible from one individual to another (ex. covid, syphilis, AIDS)
- noncommunicable diseases: can’t be transmitted from one person to another; harder to find the cause bc many factors (genetic, enviornmental, behavioural) can contribute to it (ex. heart disease, diabetes, CHD)
What are the components of a simplified communicable disease model?
- host: person/other living organism that afford subsistence or lodgemnet to a communicable agent under natural conditions
- agent: cause of the disease
- environment: physial, biological, social factors that inhibit or promote disease transmission
Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and provide an example of each.
- primary prevention: purpose was to forestall the onset of illness/injury during the period before the disease process begins (ex. heatlh education/promotion programs)
- secondary prevention: early diagnosis and prompt treatment of diseases before the disease becomes advanced and disability becomes severe (ex. self diagnosis, self-treatment, health screenings)
- tertiary prevention: retrain, re-educate, and rehabilitate patient who has already incurred a disability
Define the following terms—case, carrier, vector, vehicle.
- case: a person who is sick w/ a disease
- carrier: person/animal that harbors specific communicable agent in absence of discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection to others
- vector: a living organism (usually an anthropod-mosquito, tick) that can transmit a communicable agent to susceptible hosts
- vehicle: an inanimate material or object that can serve as a srouce of infection
List five examples each of vectorborne diseases and nonvectorborne diseases.
- vectorborne: dengue fever, west nile virus, lyme disease, malaria, cholera
- nonvectorborne: zika virus
Explain the difference between the public health practices of isolation and quarantine.
- isolation: separation (for period of communicability) of infected persons/animals from others to prevent the direct/indirect transmission of the communicable agent to a susceptible person)
- quarantine: limitation of freedom of movement of well persons/animals that have been exposed to a communicable disease until the incubation period has passed
what is eradication?
complete elimination or uprooting of a disease from a human population
what is intervention?
efforts to control a disease in progress
what is prevention?
planning for and taking of action to prevent or forestall the occurrence of an undesirable event
what is the most biggest noncommunicable disease?
heart disease
what does “Number of years of potential life lost” mean?
if a person dies before their time, how many years did you lose?
what is direct transmission?
when there’s an immediate transfer of an infectious agent, happens by direct contact btwn individuals who are infected and people susceptible to transmission
what are the 4 diff methods of indirect transmission? explain
- Airborne: disease spreads via microbial aerosols
- Vehicle borne transmission: contaminated objects/materials
- Transfer disease via a vector - Biological transmission: When there’s a vector involved, but the disease multiplies or experiences changes within the vector before th vector transmits it to the human host
- Btwn people? Orally
what is etiology?
cause of the disease
