Chapter 5: Civil Rights and Public Policy

Question 1

Civil Rights

Answer 1

Personal rights and Policies designed to protect people against discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.

Question 2

What does Equality mean?

Answer 2

Dec. of Ind. states “all men are created equal”. This doesn’t mean everyone is the same or looks the same. It talks about “unalienable rights” which shows that everyone has equality of opportunity, which means everyone has the same chance of success.

Question 3

What are the 3 Standards of Review used to classify people under the equal protection clause

Answer 3

There are 3 criteria for evaluating whether something is constitutionally permissible
- inherently Suspect: based on Race and Ethnicity; Incredibly difficult to meet.
- intermediate scrutiny: based on gender; moderately difficult to meet.
- reasonableness: based on age, income, etc; easy to meet

Question 4

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Answer 4

Supreme Court Case(1857) that ruled a slave who had escaped to a free state had no rights as a citizen and that Congress has no authority to ban slavery in the territories.

Question 5

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 5

A case regarding segregation of African-Americans that claimed separate but equal amenities for white and colored races is constitutional.

Question 6

“Separate but equal”

Answer 6

White and colored races were still segregated but provided somewhat the same resources. Created as a RESULT to the plessy v. ferguson case.

Question 7

Civil Rights Movement Strategies

Answer 7

1. Fought for rights by civil disobedience
2. Formed the NAACP
3. Got support from White Allies
4. Focused on better areas of gov. to get help from (Court)

Question 8

2 Types of Segregation

Answer 8

De Facto (by fact of life) and De Jure (by law): Civil Rights movement of 1964 made segregation illegal de jure, or by law. But it still exists de facto, or just happens by fact of life.

Question 9

Civil Rights Act of 1994

Answer 9

Law that forbids racial discrimination, job discrimination, and helped strengthen voting rights for African-Americans and other minorites.

Question 10

Suffrage

Answer 10

The legal right to vote, extended to African Americans(15th Amd.), Women(19th Amd.), and 18-20 year olds(26th Amd.)

Question 11

Poll Taxes

Answer 11

Small taxes enforced when voting, used to exclude African Americans from voting.

Question 12

White Primary

Answer 12

Elections from which only whites could vote, not African Americans, later banned by Supreme Court.

Question 13

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 13

A law designed to end African American suffrage, helped African Americans get the right and ability to vote.

Question 14

“minority-majority” Definition

Answer 14

There is a majority of a minority group in the US.

Question 15

Hernandez v. Texas

Answer 15

A case that extended discrimination protection to Hispanics

Question 16

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 16

States that equality under the law will not be restricted to anyone on account of gender

Question 17

Reed v. Reed

Answer 17

Case where the US first acknowledged they were wrong about gender discrimination being constitutional.

Question 18

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Answer 18

Required employers to make accomidations for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against them.

Question 19

Affirmative Action

Answer 19

Policy that gives special attention for disadvantaged groups in order to eliminate discrimination and provide them with equal opportunity for success.

Question 20

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Answer 20

A state University can’t set aside places for members just on the basis of race/ethnicity. But it can be part of the factor for who gets admissioned.

Question 21

These two organizations belong to what minority group? (NARF and AIM, Dawes Act)

Answer 21

Native Americans

Dawes Act: It was a way to discriminate Native Amerc.

NARF: Native American Rights Fund; AIM: American Indian Movement

Question 22

These two organizations belong to what minority group? (LULAC and MALDEF

Answer 22

Hispanic Americans

LULAC: League of Un. Latin Amrc. Citz.; MALDEF: Mex. Amer. Legal Defense and Education Fund

Question 23

These two organizations belong to what minority group? (NAACP and EEOC)

Answer 23

Mainly active during the black-american fight for freedom

NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; EEOC: Equal Employment Opportunity Commision

Question 24

Korematsu v. United States

Answer 24

When the US gathered more than 100k Japanese folk and placed in camps; said this was consitutional

Question 25

This organization belong to what minority group? (NOW)

Answer 25

Women;
National Organization for Women

Question 26

Equal Protection Clause

Answer 26

The government can’t deny a person equal protection as supported by the 14th amendment.

Question 27

Title IX (9)

Answer 27

It prohibits educational institutions from discriminating against female students.

Question 28

What key aspects of Civil Rights are there that isn’t in Civil Liberties

Answer 28

• The 14th Amendment
• Actions the government must do to ensure equal protection
  * What the government needs to do
  * Protects against discriminatory treatment

Question 29

Obergefell v. Hodge

Answer 29

A case in favor of LGBTQ