Chapter 5: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

cellular respiration

Answer 1

-breaks down glucose to ATP (one adenosine bonded to 3 phosphates)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Question 2

hydrolyze

Answer 2

• breaking of bonds

- happens with ATP to release energy

Question 3

electron carriers

Answer 3

• reduced when gain pair of electrons
• oxidized when lose pair of electrons
• stores energy in electrons

Question 4

NAD

Answer 4

NAD+ and H+ and 2 electrons –> NADH

Question 5

FAD

Answer 5

FAD and 2H+ and 2 electrons –> FADH2

Question 6

glycolysis

Answer 6

C6H12O6 + 2ATP + 2NAD+ –> 2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2NADH

-produces 36 ATP

Question 7

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)

Answer 7

• group of enyzmes that prepare pyruvate to enter the Krebs Cycle
• removes one of the carbons from pyruvate and attaches the 2 C molecule to coenzyme A to form Acetyl Co-A
• removal of C forms another NADH and CO2 byproduct
• bc 2 molecules of pyruvate, there are 2 NADH, acetyl co-A, and 2 molecules of CO2

Question 8

Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 8

• acetyl co-A is combined with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
• citric acid is broken down one carbon at a time until it becomes the original oxaloacetic acid
• creates 3 NADH, one FADH2, and one moleulce of ATP
• releases CO2
• runs twice for every glucose molecule
• aerobic

Question 9

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 9

-process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH 2 to O2 by a series of electron carriers

Question 10

electron transport system

Answer 10

• process in which NADH and FADH2 hand electrons to a chain of carrier molecules until they are given to oxygen which then forms water
• aerobic
• when the carriers release electrons, the energy is used to pump hydrogens into the mitochondrial space
• ATP synthase pumps the H+ ions into the matrix, creating energy to form ATP

Question 11

fermentation

Answer 11

-catabolic process that can create ATP if there is enough NAD+ (converted from NADH) to accept electrons during glycolysis
-alcoholic: process cells convert pyruvate from glycolysis into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
Pyruvate + NADH –> CO2 + 2Ethanol + NAD+
-lactic acid: pyruvate is reduced to form lactic acid (lactate)
pyruvate + NADH –> lactic acid +NAD+