Chapter 5: Cells: The "Little Chambers" in Plants and Animals

Question 1

If a prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus then what is similar to it?

Answer 1

The nucleoid region which is coiled DNA but not membrane-bounded.

Question 2

What molecules help carry out the function of the organelles in prokaryotes?

Answer 2

RNA

Question 3

What is the substance called that the organelles float in?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 4

They contain a 5-carbon sugar called ribose and mainly do protein synthesis.

Question 5

What is the soft inner covering that allows contents to pass through the bacterial cell called?

Answer 5

Plasma membrane

Question 6

What is the rigid covering that serves to protects the cell’s membrane called?

Answer 6

Cell wall

Question 7

What is the layer that is complete outside of the cell and serves to adhere to surfaces called?

Answer 7

Bacterial capsule

Question 8

What are the two structure that extend from the bacterial cell and there purpose?

Answer 8

Pili-attach to other objects

Flagella-move around

Question 9

In eukaryotic cells, what covers the nucleus?

Answer 9

Nuclear membrane

Question 10

What are the main differences between plants cells and animals one?

Answer 10

Plants:
Cell wall
Central vacuole
Chloroplasts
No lysosomes

Animal:
No cell wall, only plasma membrane
No central vacuole for turgor pressure
No chloroplasts for photosynthesis
Lysosomes

Question 11

What does the central vacuole do in plants cells?

Answer 11

The central vacuole is the equivalence of the lysosomes in animals cells, and it is filled enzymes that catabolize food stuff.

Question 12

What purpose does the mitochondria serve?

Answer 12

They are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell for engaging in aerobic respiration and ATP production.

Question 13

What does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) do?

Answer 13

It is a network of tiny complex fibers shaped as flattened sacs and are pretty much the highway or circulation system of the cell.

Question 14

What is rough ER?

Answer 14

Rough ER gets its name for being dotted with ribosomes engaging in protein synthesis.

Question 15

What does smooth ER do?

Answer 15

It, unlike the rough ER, is not dotted with ribosomes.

Question 16

What does the Golgi body or apparatus do?

Answer 16

Often named the ‘post office of the cell’ is serves to package the proteins, lipids, hormones, and other products of the cell.

Question 17

What is the cytoskeleton and what’s its purpose?

Answer 17

The cytoskeleton is analogous to the skeleton of the human body. It is composed of microtubules and microfilaments.

Question 18

In the nucleus, what are the containers of DNA?

Answer 18

Chromosomes.

Question 19

What is a codon?

Answer 19

A codon is a set of three nucleic acids from a split DNA.

Question 20

What happens in transcription during protein synthesis?

Answer 20

A copy of the exposed dna bases is made. This a messenger RNA molecule comes in which comes out of the nucleus to the surface of the ribosomes. During the mRNA moves, a series of individual transfer RNA (tRNA) and attaches to a certain amino acid.

Question 21

What comes after translation?

Answer 21

Translation is when the mRNA codons are translated into amino acid language. Amino acids are made of peptides, and many peptides together make them polypeptides.

Question 22

What is cell autolysis?

Answer 22

It is when the content in the cell’s lysosomes are released and kill the cell because the lysosome carries enzyme that digest organic matter.