Chapter 1: The Coming of Biology Flashcards
What is the biology?
Biology is Greek from the ancient words bi (“life”) and -ology (“study of”), literally meaning the “study of life.”
Define organism.
A living thing highly organized, as in with recognizable patterns or biological order.
Define structure.
Something built up with many different parts.
Define anatomy.
Is body structure and the study of body structure.
Name some things an organism has.
Anatomy Structure Life Carbon Physiology
What does anatomy mean?
Anatomy means “the process of cutting” (-tomy) and “up or apart” (ana-) and body structure.
Is there anything more to anatomy? If so, name them.
Yes, there are two subdivisions gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy refers to anatomy (study) that is macroscopic and microscopic refers to anatomy that is invisible to the unaided eye.
Give some examples of gross or macroscopic anatomy (body) and microscopic anatomy.
Macroscopic: Cheetah, elephant, whale.
Microscopic: Amoeba, bacteria or microbes.
Define function.
A function is “some type of performance.” Something a structure does or is done to a structure.
Define physiology.
Physiology is body function and the study of live body function and occurs only in living things.
Name the basic characteristics of living organisms.
- Living things have a high degree of Biological Order (body pattern or organization).
- Living organisms are sensitive to changes in their surrounding environment and respond to them.
- Living things produce movement, either internally or externally.
- Living things organisms undergo growth and specialization of their anatomy and physiology as they become older.
- Living organisms undergo metabolism for energy production and excrete unusable waste products.
- Living things reproduce themselves.
Define metabolism.
“A state of change.”
What is Biological Disorder?
Breaking a particular pattern associated with living things.
What is the external environment?
It is the surrounding area outside of the body. It involves patterns in ecology.
What word translates to the “study of household affairs” or the study of relationships between different organisms?
Ecology.
Which natural philosopher could be consider the first great biologist that lived between 400-300 B.C.
Aristotle
Define teleology.
Something’s final or complete purpose of existence.
What are the steps in the experimental method?
- A hypothesis is made.
- Experiment and observation if done to test the hypothesis.
- The results are compared to the hypothesis.
- A conclusion is made and the hypothesis is accepted or rejected and a new one made.
What is homeostasis?
The “control of sameness” or relative constancy in the body’s internal environment.
Which scientist was one of the first to do studies on homeostasis?
Claude Bernard
What is glucose?
It is the main fuel of living body cells.
