Chapter 1: The Coming of Biology

Question 1

What is the biology?

Answer 1

Biology is Greek from the ancient words bi (“life”) and -ology (“study of”), literally meaning the “study of life.”

Question 2

Define organism.

Answer 2

A living thing highly organized, as in with recognizable patterns or biological order.

Question 3

Define structure.

Answer 3

Something built up with many different parts.

Question 4

Define anatomy.

Answer 4

Is body structure and the study of body structure.

Question 5

Name some things an organism has.

Answer 5

Anatomy
Structure
Life
Carbon
Physiology

Question 6

What does anatomy mean?

Answer 6

Anatomy means “the process of cutting” (-tomy) and “up or apart” (ana-) and body structure.

Question 7

Is there anything more to anatomy? If so, name them.

Answer 7

Yes, there are two subdivisions gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy refers to anatomy (study) that is macroscopic and microscopic refers to anatomy that is invisible to the unaided eye.

Question 8

Give some examples of gross or macroscopic anatomy (body) and microscopic anatomy.

Answer 8

Macroscopic: Cheetah, elephant, whale.
Microscopic: Amoeba, bacteria or microbes.

Question 9

Define function.

Answer 9

A function is “some type of performance.” Something a structure does or is done to a structure.

Question 10

Define physiology.

Answer 10

Physiology is body function and the study of live body function and occurs only in living things.

Question 11

Name the basic characteristics of living organisms.

Answer 11

1. Living things have a high degree of Biological Order (body pattern or organization).
2. Living organisms are sensitive to changes in their surrounding environment and respond to them.
3. Living things produce movement, either internally or externally.
4. Living things organisms undergo growth and specialization of their anatomy and physiology as they become older.
5. Living organisms undergo metabolism for energy production and excrete unusable waste products.
6. Living things reproduce themselves.

Question 12

Define metabolism.

Answer 12

“A state of change.”

Question 13

What is Biological Disorder?

Answer 13

Breaking a particular pattern associated with living things.

Question 14

What is the external environment?

Answer 14

It is the surrounding area outside of the body. It involves patterns in ecology.

Question 15

What word translates to the “study of household affairs” or the study of relationships between different organisms?

Answer 15

Ecology.

Question 16

Which natural philosopher could be consider the first great biologist that lived between 400-300 B.C.

Answer 16

Aristotle

Question 17

Define teleology.

Answer 17

Something’s final or complete purpose of existence.

Question 18

What are the steps in the experimental method?

Answer 18

1. A hypothesis is made.
2. Experiment and observation if done to test the hypothesis.
3. The results are compared to the hypothesis.
4. A conclusion is made and the hypothesis is accepted or rejected and a new one made.

Question 19

What is homeostasis?

Answer 19

The “control of sameness” or relative constancy in the body’s internal environment.

Question 20

Which scientist was one of the first to do studies on homeostasis?

Answer 20

Claude Bernard

Question 21

What is glucose?

Answer 21

It is the main fuel of living body cells.