Chapter 3: Evolution: Dawn to Darwin

Question 1

What is Cosmic Order?

Answer 1

Cosmic order is a pattern of organization that occurs within the Universe.

Question 2

What is the Spontaneous Generation Theory?

Answer 2

Life was produced automatically out of non-living things.

Question 3

What is the Biogenesis Theory?

Answer 3

It is the theory that life was produced only through living things.

Question 4

What does fossil mean?

Answer 4

“To dig.”

Question 5

What is a fossil?

Answer 5

Ancient once-living things preserved in sediment.

Question 6

What are stromatolites?

Answer 6

They are layer-rocks produced by soft-bodied bacteria.

Question 7

What are stromas?

Answer 7

They are the thin layers in stromatolites.

Question 8

What does it mean when something is calcified?

Answer 8

It means when something is hardened by calcium sediment.

Question 9

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Photosynthesis is the use of light (photo-) to putting things together or create energy (synthesis).

Question 10

What is aerobic metabolism?

Answer 10

It is the use of air or oxygen for the conversion and use of energy.

Question 11

What does the ‘kary’ in prokaryotes mean?

Answer 11

It is Greek for ‘nucleus’ or ‘kernel.’

Question 12

Theoretically, which one came first, the prokaryotes or the eukaryotes?

Answer 12

The prokaryotes, and from the prokaryotes evolved many eukaryotes.

Question 13

What makes prokaryotes prokaryotes and eukaryotes eukaryotes?

Answer 13

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and do not have distinctly membrane-bounded organelles while eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles.

Question 14

What organelles in eukaryotic cells produces energy with aerobic metabolism and is also know as the ‘powerhouse of the cell?’

Answer 14

The mitochondrion.

Question 15

What are unicellular organisms and multicellular ones?

Answer 15

The ‘uni-‘ part means one. Therefore, a unicellular organism is an organism made of one cell. A multicellular one is an organism made up of many cells.

Question 16

From where do eukaryotes develop from?

Answer 16

Ova, which are egg cells.

Question 17

When fertilized ova undergo repeated cellular division what also comes bundled with the process?

Answer 17

Differentiation, which is the process of becoming different.

Question 18

What organism is believed to be the first multicellular organism?

Answer 18

Algae/seaweed.

Question 19

What substance is used in photosynthesis to increase the creation of energy?

Answer 19

Chlorophyll.

Question 20

What does chlorophyll mean?

Answer 20

It means green (chlor) leaf (phyll).

Question 21

What is a paleobotanist?

Answer 21

A person who specializes in the study of ancient plants.

Question 22

What do most mushrooms feed on?

Answer 22

Leaves.

Question 23

Define pathogenic.

Answer 23

Able to spread disease.

Question 24

What is an animal?

Answer 24

An animal has the following characteristics:
Life
Breathes
Multicellular
Is not a plant or fungus
Must eat other organisms or organic matter
Have eukaryotic cells

Question 25

What does it mean when an animal is an invertebrate?

Answer 25

It means the animal does not have a backbone or spine.

Question 26

What is the late Pre-Cambrian Era?

Answer 26

It is when jellyfish and other invertebrates were floating in the sea.

Question 27

What is the Paleozoic Era?

Answer 27

It is the era when invertebrates were starting to become vertebrates. Then many animals when onto land to join the plant and fungi kingdom.

Question 28

What are amphibians?

Answer 28

Amphibians are animals that live both in the water and sea. The word amphibian literally means 'live a double life.'

Question 29

Name some characteristics of reptiles.

Answer 29

Evolved from amphibians Stay on land Have lungs to breath Have spiky plates or flat scales

Question 30

When did the reptiles become a dominant life on Earth?

Answer 30

The Mesozoic Era.

Question 31

What were probably the biggest creatures to walk on this planet?

Answer 31

Dinosaurs.

Question 32

What are dinosaurs?

Answer 32

Terrible, big lizards.

Question 33

What is the Cenozoic Era?

Answer 33

It is the Age of Mammals.

Question 34

What are mammals?

Answer 34

Mammals are creatures that nurse their young with breasts. They are also endothermic and have hair.

Question 35

What is an endothermic animal?

Answer 35

It is an animal that can control its body temperature.

Question 36

How many periods are in an era?

Answer 36

2

Question 37

What is an epoch?

Answer 37

It is a small section in a period of an era.

Question 38

What cause all these animals changes?

Answer 38

Evolution and natural selection.

Question 39

What is evolution?

Answer 39

Evolution is the gradual development of species or Biological Order in body structures and functions.

Question 40

Which process is behind evolution and what does it do?

Answer 40

Natural selection, it is the adaptation where traits of animals are naturally selected to make them fitter for survival.