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Biology: Biology Demystified > Chapter 3: Evolution: Dawn to Darwin > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Evolution: Dawn to Darwin Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Cosmic Order?

A

Cosmic order is a pattern of organization that occurs within the Universe.

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2
Q

What is the Spontaneous Generation Theory?

A

Life was produced automatically out of non-living things.

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3
Q

What is the Biogenesis Theory?

A

It is the theory that life was produced only through living things.

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4
Q

What does fossil mean?

A

“To dig.”

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5
Q

What is a fossil?

A

Ancient once-living things preserved in sediment.

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6
Q

What are stromatolites?

A

They are layer-rocks produced by soft-bodied bacteria.

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7
Q

What are stromas?

A

They are the thin layers in stromatolites.

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8
Q

What does it mean when something is calcified?

A

It means when something is hardened by calcium sediment.

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9
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is the use of light (photo-) to putting things together or create energy (synthesis).

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10
Q

What is aerobic metabolism?

A

It is the use of air or oxygen for the conversion and use of energy.

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11
Q

What does the ‘kary’ in prokaryotes mean?

A

It is Greek for ‘nucleus’ or ‘kernel.’

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12
Q

Theoretically, which one came first, the prokaryotes or the eukaryotes?

A

The prokaryotes, and from the prokaryotes evolved many eukaryotes.

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13
Q

What makes prokaryotes prokaryotes and eukaryotes eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and do not have distinctly membrane-bounded organelles while eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles.

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14
Q

What organelles in eukaryotic cells produces energy with aerobic metabolism and is also know as the ‘powerhouse of the cell?’

A

The mitochondrion.

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15
Q

What are unicellular organisms and multicellular ones?

A

The ‘uni-‘ part means one. Therefore, a unicellular organism is an organism made of one cell. A multicellular one is an organism made up of many cells.

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16
Q

From where do eukaryotes develop from?

A

Ova, which are egg cells.

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17
Q

When fertilized ova undergo repeated cellular division what also comes bundled with the process?

A

Differentiation, which is the process of becoming different.

18
Q

What organism is believed to be the first multicellular organism?

A

Algae/seaweed.

19
Q

What substance is used in photosynthesis to increase the creation of energy?

A

Chlorophyll.

20
Q

What does chlorophyll mean?

A

It means green (chlor) leaf (phyll).

21
Q

What is a paleobotanist?

A

A person who specializes in the study of ancient plants.

22
Q

What do most mushrooms feed on?

A

Leaves.

23
Q

Define pathogenic.

A

Able to spread disease.

24
Q

What is an animal?

A

An animal has the following characteristics:
Life
Breathes
Multicellular
Is not a plant or fungus
Must eat other organisms or organic matter
Have eukaryotic cells

25
Q

What does it mean when an animal is an invertebrate?

A

It means the animal does not have a backbone or spine.

26
Q

What is the late Pre-Cambrian Era?

A

It is when jellyfish and other invertebrates were floating in the sea.

27
Q

What is the Paleozoic Era?

A

It is the era when invertebrates were starting to become vertebrates. Then many animals when onto land to join the plant and fungi kingdom.

28
Q

What are amphibians?

A

Amphibians are animals that live both in the water and sea. The word amphibian literally means ‘live a double life.’

29
Q

Name some characteristics of reptiles.

A

Evolved from amphibians
Stay on land
Have lungs to breath
Have spiky plates or flat scales

30
Q

When did the reptiles become a dominant life on Earth?

A

The Mesozoic Era.

31
Q

What were probably the biggest creatures to walk on this planet?

A

Dinosaurs.

32
Q

What are dinosaurs?

A

Terrible, big lizards.

33
Q

What is the Cenozoic Era?

A

It is the Age of Mammals.

34
Q

What are mammals?

A

Mammals are creatures that nurse their young with breasts. They are also endothermic and have hair.

35
Q

What is an endothermic animal?

A

It is an animal that can control its body temperature.

36
Q

How many periods are in an era?

A

2

37
Q

What is an epoch?

A

It is a small section in a period of an era.

38
Q

What cause all these animals changes?

A

Evolution and natural selection.

39
Q

What is evolution?

A

Evolution is the gradual development of species or Biological Order in body structures and functions.

40
Q

Which process is behind evolution and what does it do?

A

Natural selection, it is the adaptation where traits of animals are naturally selected to make them fitter for survival.

Biology: Biology Demystified (6 decks)

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