Chapter 3: Evolution: Dawn to Darwin Flashcards
What is Cosmic Order?
Cosmic order is a pattern of organization that occurs within the Universe.
What is the Spontaneous Generation Theory?
Life was produced automatically out of non-living things.
What is the Biogenesis Theory?
It is the theory that life was produced only through living things.
What does fossil mean?
“To dig.”
What is a fossil?
Ancient once-living things preserved in sediment.
What are stromatolites?
They are layer-rocks produced by soft-bodied bacteria.
What are stromas?
They are the thin layers in stromatolites.
What does it mean when something is calcified?
It means when something is hardened by calcium sediment.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the use of light (photo-) to putting things together or create energy (synthesis).
What is aerobic metabolism?
It is the use of air or oxygen for the conversion and use of energy.
What does the ‘kary’ in prokaryotes mean?
It is Greek for ‘nucleus’ or ‘kernel.’
Theoretically, which one came first, the prokaryotes or the eukaryotes?
The prokaryotes, and from the prokaryotes evolved many eukaryotes.
What makes prokaryotes prokaryotes and eukaryotes eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and do not have distinctly membrane-bounded organelles while eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles.
What organelles in eukaryotic cells produces energy with aerobic metabolism and is also know as the ‘powerhouse of the cell?’
The mitochondrion.
What are unicellular organisms and multicellular ones?
The ‘uni-‘ part means one. Therefore, a unicellular organism is an organism made of one cell. A multicellular one is an organism made up of many cells.
From where do eukaryotes develop from?
Ova, which are egg cells.
When fertilized ova undergo repeated cellular division what also comes bundled with the process?
Differentiation, which is the process of becoming different.
What organism is believed to be the first multicellular organism?
Algae/seaweed.
What substance is used in photosynthesis to increase the creation of energy?
Chlorophyll.
What does chlorophyll mean?
It means green (chlor) leaf (phyll).
What is a paleobotanist?
A person who specializes in the study of ancient plants.
What do most mushrooms feed on?
Leaves.
Define pathogenic.
Able to spread disease.
What is an animal?
An animal has the following characteristics:
Life
Breathes
Multicellular
Is not a plant or fungus
Must eat other organisms or organic matter
Have eukaryotic cells
What does it mean when an animal is an invertebrate?
It means the animal does not have a backbone or spine.
What is the late Pre-Cambrian Era?
It is when jellyfish and other invertebrates were floating in the sea.
What is the Paleozoic Era?
It is the era when invertebrates were starting to become vertebrates. Then many animals when onto land to join the plant and fungi kingdom.
What are amphibians?
Amphibians are animals that live both in the water and sea. The word amphibian literally means ‘live a double life.’
Name some characteristics of reptiles.
Evolved from amphibians
Stay on land
Have lungs to breath
Have spiky plates or flat scales
When did the reptiles become a dominant life on Earth?
The Mesozoic Era.
What were probably the biggest creatures to walk on this planet?
Dinosaurs.
What are dinosaurs?
Terrible, big lizards.
What is the Cenozoic Era?
It is the Age of Mammals.
What are mammals?
Mammals are creatures that nurse their young with breasts. They are also endothermic and have hair.
What is an endothermic animal?
It is an animal that can control its body temperature.
How many periods are in an era?
2
What is an epoch?
It is a small section in a period of an era.
What cause all these animals changes?
Evolution and natural selection.
What is evolution?
Evolution is the gradual development of species or Biological Order in body structures and functions.
Which process is behind evolution and what does it do?
Natural selection, it is the adaptation where traits of animals are naturally selected to make them fitter for survival.
