Chapter 5 - Cell Signaling and the Hormonal Responses to Exercise

Question 1

Neroendrocinology

Answer 1

Neural activate some endocrines (neurotransmitters)

Question 2

Cell Signaling

Answer 2

communicating from one molecule to another.

Question 3

Hormone

Answer 3

a molecule that goes from one molecule to another; has to go through a receptor.

Question 4

Neroendocrine System

Answer 4

• endocrine system releases hormone

- nervous system uses nerotransmitters

Question 5

Endocrine Glands

Answer 5

release hormones directly into the blood

Question 6

Hormones

Answer 6

Alter the activity of tissues that possess receptors to which the hormone can bind.

• several classes based on chemical makeup
• secreted by endocrine glands

Question 7

Plasma concentration

Answer 7

What is the effect of a hormone on a tissue determined by ?

Question 8

Concentration is determined by…

Answer 8

• rate of secretion of hormone from endocrine gland
• rate of metabolism or excretion of hormone
• quantity of transport protein
• changes in plasma volume

Question 9

Factors that influence the secretion of hormones

Answer 9

• increased plasma glucose concentration
• sympathetic neurons
• parasympathetic neurons
• plasma epinephrine
• other hormones
• insulin
• beta endorphin
• increased plasma amino acid concentration

Question 10

Activating Second Messengers via G Proteins

Answer 10

• cyclic AMP
• CA+2
• Inositol triphosphat - IP3
• Diaclglycerol

Question 11

Insulin

Answer 11

storage hormone

Question 12

Glucagon

Answer 12

mobilization of glycogen from the liver

Question 13

Increases

Answer 13

Does plasma concentration increase or decrease during exercise

Question 14

Endurance Training

Answer 14

Responsible for decreased insulin response, decreased epinephrine response and decreased affect of how much glucagon decreases.

Question 15

Hypothalamus

Answer 15

controls secretions from pituitary gland

-influence by both + and - inputs

Question 16

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 16

Secreted from anterior pituitary gland.

Question 17

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 17

Secreted from anterior pituitary gland.

Question 18

Growth Hormone

Answer 18

Secreted from anterior pituitary gland

• stimulates release of insulin-like growth factors
• essential growth of all tissues (amino acid uptake and protein synthesis)
• increases during exercise (mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue, aids in the maintenance of blood glucose)
• spares plasma glucose
• There is no evidence that this hormone promotes strength gains.

Question 19

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 19

Secreted from posterior pituitary gland

• reduces water loss from the body to maintain plasma volume.
• release stimulated by high plasma osmolality and low plasma volume
• increases during exercise >60% VO2 mas.

Question 20

Aldosterone

Answer 20

• control of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
• regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
• stimulated by: increased potassium concentration, decreased plasma volume

Question 21

Thyroid Gland

Answer 21

Stimulated by TSH

• Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) (establishment of metabolic rate)
• permissive hormone
• assists with metabolism

Question 22

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 22

-secretes catcholamines
epinephrine (E-80%) and norepinephrine (NE-20%)
-effects depend on hormone used and receptor type

Question 23

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 23

• Secretes steroid hormones
• mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
• glucocorticoids (cortisol)
• sex steroids (androgens and estrogens)

Question 24

Cortisol - Glucocorticoid

Answer 24

Maintenance of plasma glucose

-stimulated by stress via ACTH