Chapter 0 - Introduction to Exercise Physiology

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

The study of the function of tissues, organs, and systems (e.g. muscle, nerve, heart, lungs, cardiovascular system)

Question 2

Exercise Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the effects of exercise (both acute and chronic) on the functions of the body as it pertains to health and performance.

• single bout of exercise (acute exercise)
• repeated bouts of exercise (training)
• responses to environmental factors (heat, humidity, and altitude)
• effects in specific populations (young and old, healthy individuals vs. those with a disease)

Question 3

Who were the three physiologist that received the Nobel Prize for work related to muscle or muscular exercise.

Answer 3

A.V. Hill, Otto MeyerHof, August Krogh

Question 4

Which physiologist studied heat production during muscle contraction and recovery?

Answer 4

A.V. Hill

Question 5

Which physiologist studied the relationship of O2 consumption and lactic acid in muslce?

Answer 5

Otto MeyerHof

Question 6

Which physiologist studied the function of the capillary circulation?

Answer 6

August Krogh

Question 7

Who were the students that worked in Krogh’s Institute in Denmark and were referred to as the Three Musketeers.

Answer 7

E. Asmussen, E. Christensen, M. Nielsen

Question 8

Who was the only director of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory from 1927 - 1947. Focal point in the development of of exercise physiology in the United States.
- conducted research in numerous studies (exercise, clinical, and environmental physiology.)
-used new instruments and techniques
He is responsible for the basis of a majority of what we know today. (attracted Krogh, Margaria, Scholander, and the Three Musketeers).

Answer 8

D.B. Dill

Question 9

What were active research areas in the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory?

Answer 9

Metabolism, Environmental Physiology, Clinical Psychology, Aging, Blood, Physical Fitness

Question 10

War was responsible for influencing the increased interest in the study of what subject/area?

Answer 10

Physical Fitness

Question 11

Dr. Dudley Sargent

Answer 11

Hired by Harvard in 1879 to set up physical training programs with individual exercise prescriptions.

Question 12

What is the CDC - ACSM recommendation (1995)

Answer 12

Every U.S adult should accumulate 30 minutes of moderate - intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week.

• 60 % adults do not meet these recommendations
• 25% not active at all

Question 13

What are the five components of physical fitness?

Answer 13

body comp, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular

Question 14

What area/subject were many physical education leaders trained in during the First World War?

Answer 14

Medicine

Question 15

During World War I and World War II there was a large number of draftees that failed the induction exams because of what?

Answer 15

Mental and Physical Defects

physical programs began to resemble pre-military training programs due to this problem

Question 16

In what two decades wast there a significant growth in the number of exercise physiology laboratories?

Answer 16

In the 1950s and 1960s

Question 17

What fitness test established in 1957 was used in physical education programs nationwide and set national norms?

Answer 17

AAHPERD Youth Fitness Test

Question 18

Epidemiological studies showed degenerative diseases related to poor health habits (high-fat diets, smoking, inactivity-more complications) This caused an increased use in exercise tests to diagnose what disease?

Answer 18

Heart Disease

Question 19

What organization unites physicians, physical educators, and physiologists; and is also the leader in scientific research and education and research?

Answer 19

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

-over 50,000 members throughout the world. (number has increased a good bit)

Question 20

What organization is the leader for resistance and conditioning education/programming?

Answer 20

National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA)

Question 21

The study of exercise physiology is that of which is an integrated approach. It included the importance of what two subsections of biology?

Answer 21

1. ) molecular biology

2. ) genetic

Question 22

What organization is the leader in school and public sector to advance physical acitivity?

Answer 22

American Association of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation (AAHPER).

Question 23

What prominent scientist studied the binding of O2 to hemoglobin and is known for _______ shift in oxyhemoglobin-dissociation curve?

Answer 23

Christian Bohr