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IMAT Bio > Chapter 5: Cell Cycle and Cell Division > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary result of mitosis?

A

Two genetically identical daughter nuclei.

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2
Q

What process follows mitosis in cell division?

A

Cytokinesis.

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3
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A

S phase.

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4
Q

What major event occurs during the G1 phase?

A

Cell growth.

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5
Q

What structures form as DNA begins condensing during the G2 phase?

A

Chromosomes.

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6
Q

What is the role of microtubules in the G2 phase?

A

Begin forming for mitotic processes.

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7
Q

How many chromosomes are present in a typical human cell?

A

46 chromosomes.

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8
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

One of two identical DNA structures in a chromosome.

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9
Q

What is the structure that joins two chromatids together?

A

Centromere.

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10
Q

What type of molecule primarily makes up chromosomes?

A

DNA and histone proteins.

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11
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Loosely coiled DNA and histones.

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12
Q

What is the tightly coiled form of DNA called?

A

Chromosome.

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13
Q

What is the visible

A

most condensed form of DNA?

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14
Q

What is the function of kinetochores during mitosis?

A

Bind DNA to microtubules at the centromere.

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15
Q

When do kinetochores begin construction?

A

S phase.

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16
Q

Do plant cells require centrosomes for mitosis?

A

No.

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17
Q

What is the biological significance of mitosis in growth?

A

Produces genetically identical cells for multicellular growth.

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18
Q

How does mitosis contribute to tissue repair?

A

Replaces dead cells with identical ones.

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19
Q

What role does mitosis play in asexual reproduction?

A

Produces offspring genetically identical to the parent.

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20
Q

Which immune cells clone during the immune response via mitosis?

A

B- and T-lymphocytes.

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21
Q

What happens to DNA during interphase?

A

It replicates.

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22
Q

What happens to DNA at the start of mitosis?

A

It condenses into chromosomes.

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23
Q

What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?

A

The cell membrane pinches to divide the cytoplasm.

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24
Q

How does cytokinesis differ in plant cells?

A

A cell plate forms to divide the cytoplasm.

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25
Q

What phase of the cell cycle involves nuclear division?

A

Mitosis.

26
Q

What are telomeres?

A

Protective caps on the ends of chromosomes.

27
Q

How do stem cells relate to mitosis?

A

They divide to produce specialized cells.

28
Q

What is the relationship between cancer and mitosis?

A

Uncontrolled mitosis leads to tumor growth.

29
Q

What key process occurs in metaphase of mitosis?

A

Chromosomes align at the cell equator.

30
Q

What separates chromatids during anaphase?

A

Spindle fibers.

31
Q

What is the key feature of prophase in mitosis?

A

Chromosomes become visible

32
Q

What forms during telophase of mitosis?

A

Two new nuclear envelopes.

33
Q

What structure pulls chromosomes apart during mitosis?

A

Spindle fibers.

34
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

DNA wrapped around histones.

35
Q

Why are daughter cells genetically identical after mitosis?

A

Each receives one identical chromatid.

36
Q

What type of reproduction is mitosis essential for in unicellular organisms?

A

Asexual reproduction.

37
Q

What stage of mitosis involves the spindle fibers fully attaching to kinetochores?

A

Metaphase.

38
Q

What happens to chromatids during anaphase?

A

They are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

39
Q

What distinguishes plant cell cytokinesis?

A

Formation of a cell plate.

40
Q

How do histones assist DNA organization?

A

They help coil DNA into nucleosomes.

41
Q

What is the smallest phase in terms of cell size?

A

Beginning of G1.

42
Q

What is the primary molecule of inheritance?

A

DNA.

43
Q

What kind of cells does mitosis produce in terms of ploidy?

A

Diploid.

44
Q

What event ensures equal DNA distribution during mitosis?

A

Chromatid separation.

45
Q

Which phase of mitosis involves the reformation of nuclear membranes?

A

Telophase.

46
Q

How do chromosomes differ in metaphase versus prophase?

A

In metaphase

47
Q

What is the significance of centrosomes in animal mitosis?

A

Organize spindle fibers.

48
Q

What is a key structural change in chromosomes during supercoiling?

A

They become tightly packed and visible.

49
Q

Why is mitosis critical for the immune response?

A

Cloning of immune cells.

50
Q

What occurs at the centromere during mitosis?

A

Attachment of spindle fibers.

51
Q

What is the role of spindle fibers in metaphase?

A

Align chromosomes at the equator.

52
Q

What is the function of histones in chromatin?

A

Support and organize DNA.

53
Q

How are cells in the G1 phase characterized in size?

A

Smallest size.

54
Q

What triggers cytokinesis after mitosis?

A

Division of the cytoplasm.

55
Q

In which phase are organelles increasing in number?

A

G2 phase.

56
Q

What is the function of the cell plate in plants?

A

Divides the cytoplasm.

57
Q

What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

A

It breaks down.

58
Q

Which phase follows DNA replication?

A

G2 phase.

59
Q

What role do genes play in chromosomes?

A

Carry instructions for traits.

60
Q

What is the most condensed form of DNA?

A

Chromosome.

IMAT Bio (11 decks)

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