Chapter 5 - Biological Molecules

Question 1

Polymer

Answer 1

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.

Question 2

Monomers

Answer 2

Smaller molecules in a polymer chain and may have functions of their own.

Question 3

Enzymes

Answer 3

Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions

Question 4

Dehydration reaction

Answer 4

Two monomers covalently bonded to each other with the loss of a water molecule

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

The opposite of dehydration reaction - breaks monomers from polymers by way of water

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

Includes sugars and polymers of sugars. Simplest are monosaccharides

Question 7

Monosaccharides

Answer 7

Single sugar that is some multiple of CH2O ie C6H12O6

Question 8

Disaccharide

Answer 8

Two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage

Question 9

Glycosidic linkage

Answer 9

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by dehydration reaction

Question 10

Polysaccharides

Answer 10

Macromolecules (polymers) with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage

Question 11

Starch

Answer 11

A polymer of glucose monomers

Chloroplasts in plants

Question 12

Glycogen

Answer 12

Stored by animals - it’s a polymer of glucose

Question 13

Cellulose

Answer 13

Composed of polysaccharides that comprise a plant’s wall

Question 14

Chitin

Answer 14

Structural polysaccharide used by insects, spiders, crustaceans to build their exoskeleton

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

Not big enough to be a true polymer - they mix poorly if at all with water (they’re hydrophobic)

Question 16

Fat

Answer 16

Composed of glycerol and fatty acids

Question 17

Macromolecules

Answer 17

Huge molecules like protein, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids