Chapter 4 - Carbon

Question 1

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Molecules existing only of hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

Isomers

Answer 2

Compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures hence different properties

Question 3

Structural isomers

Answer 3

Differ in their covalent arrangement of atoms

Question 4

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 4

Have covalent bonds to the same atoms, but these atoms differ in their spatial arrangements due to inflexibility of double bonds.

Question 5

Enantiomers

Answer 5

Isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon - one that is attached to four different atoms or groups of atoms

drugs that have the same molecules and different structures can produce different characteristics in drugs

Question 6

Functional groups

Answer 6

Participates in chemical reactions in a characteristic way from one organic molecule to another

Different organizations that create different characteristics

Question 7

ATP

Answer 7

ATP stores the potential to react with water and the reaction releases energy that can be used by the cell.

Question 8

Organic chemistry

Answer 8

The study of carbon compounds

Question 9

Vitalism

Answer 9

The belief in a life force outside the jurisdic-
tion of physical and chemical laws, provided the foundation
for the new discipline of organic chemistry

Question 10

Hydroxyl

Answer 10

OH at the end

and improves the solubility of the compound

Question 11

C=O

Answer 11

Carbonyl = aldehydes and ketones

Question 12

C=O–OH

Answer 12

Carboxyl = Acetic acid/vinegar loses hydrogen easily and it becomes carboxylate (in cells in ionic forms)

Question 13

N bonded to two Hydrogens

Answer 13

amino acid, building blocks of proteins (has an amino group and carboxyl group)

Question 14

SH

Answer 14

Sulfhydryl group which determines curliness or