Chapter 5 - Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety

Question 1

arousal

Answer 1

a blend of physiological activity in a person that varies on a continuum

Question 2

anxiety

Answer 2

an unpleasant psychological state in reaction to perceived stress concerning the performance of a task under pressure

Question 3

cognitive anxiety

Answer 3

thought component of anxiety

Question 4

somatic anxiety

Answer 4

physical symptoms of anxiety

Question 5

state anxiety

Answer 5

temporary and situational state of anxiety that is triggered by specific situations

Question 6

Example of state anxiety

Answer 6

a player’s level of state anxiety changes from moment to moment during a game

Question 7

cognitive state anxiety

Answer 7

the degree to which one worries or has negative thoughts

Question 8

somatic state anxiety

Answer 8

concerns the moment-to-moment changes in perceived physiological activation

Question 9

perceived control

Answer 9

regulatory component of state anxiety

Question 10

trait anxiety

Answer 10

an acquired behavioral tendency or disposition that influences behavior

Question 11

example of trait anxiety

Answer 11

two people are placed under identical pressure, but have different state anxiety reactions because of their personalities

Question 12

how to measure arousal

Answer 12

look at the changes in physiological signs/how people rate their arousal using a series of statements and numerical scales

Question 13

self-report measures

Answer 13

people use these to rate their arousal using a series of statements and numerical scales

Question 14

self-report scales

Answer 14

people rate how nervous they feel

Question 15

examples of sport-specific scales

Answer 15

Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) - has cognitive and somatic anxiety subscales and a subscale of self-confidence

Question 16

stress

Answer 16

a substantial imbalance between demand and response capability, under conditions where failure to meet that demand has important consequences

Question 17

stress consists of four interrelated stages

Answer 17

environmental demand; perception of demand; stress response; behavioral consequences

Question 18

environmental demand

Answer 18

physical or psychological demand is placed on the individual

Question 19

perception of demand

Answer 19

how a person perceives the demand (they enjoy it or don’t)

Question 20

stress response

Answer 20

the individual’s physical and psychological response to a perception of the situation

Question 21

behavioral consequences

Answer 21

the behavior of the individual under stress

Question 22

situational sources of stress

Answer 22

importance place on event and the uncertainty that surrounds the outcome of that event

Question 23

A highly trait-anxious person perceives a competition as ___ threatening.

Answer 23

more

Question 24

Individuals with high trait anxiety are more likely to do what in a situation?

Answer 24

have a cognitive bias to pick out more threat-related information in the same situation than their peers with low trait anxiety do

Question 25

__ trait anxiety and ___ self-esteem are related to heightened state anxiety reactions in athletes

Answer 25

High, low

Question 26

Social physique anxiety

Answer 26

people become anxious with others observe their physiques; more stress during fitness evaluations

Question 27

Social physique anxiety is related to…?

Answer 27

Need satisfaction, physical activity motivation, and behavior

Question 28

Drive theory

Answer 28

As an individual’s arousal or state anxiety increases, so does their performance

Question 29

Inverted-U Hypothesis

Answer 29

At low arousal levels, performance will be below par; as arousal increases, so does performance–up to an optimal point where best performance results. Further increases in arousal can cause performance to decline

Question 30

Individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF)

Answer 30

athletes have a zone of optimal state anxiety in which their best performance occurs

Question 31

How does IZOF differ from the Inverted-U Hypothesis?

Answer 31

Optimal level isn’t always at midpoint; optimal level is a bandwidth instead of a single point

Question 32

Multidimensional Anxiety Theory

Answer 32

Predicts that cognitive state anxiety (worry) is negatively related to performance (increases in cognitive state anxiety lead to decreases in performance)

Question 33

Catastrophe model

Answer 33

Predicts that physiological arousal is related to performance in an inverted-U fashion, but only when an athlete is not worried or has low cognitive state anxiety

Question 34

Reversal theory

Answer 34

The way in which arousal affects performance depends on an individual’s interpretation of his or her arousal level (one person sees it as excitement and the other as anxiety)

Question 35

Facilitative anxiety

Answer 35

moderate level of anxiety that can enhance performance

Question 36

Debilitative anxiety

Answer 36

excessive or overwhelming level of anxiety that significantly impairs a person’s ability to function

Question 37

How does arousal influence performance?

Answer 37

increased muscle tension, fatigue and coordination difficulties/changes in attention, concentration, and visual search patterns