Chapter 4 - Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

the direction and intensity of one’s effort

Question 2

Forms of motivation

Answer 2

achievement motivation, motivation in the form of competitive stress, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Question 3

Direction of effort

Answer 3

whether an individual seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to certain situations

Question 4

Intensity of effort

Answer 4

how much effort a person puts forth in a particular situation

Question 5

Three approaches to motivation

Answer 5

trait-centered, situation-centered, interactional-centered

Question 6

Trait-centered view

Answer 6

motivated behavior is primarily a function of individual characteristics

Question 7

Situation-centered view

Answer 7

motivation level is determined primarily by the situation

Question 8

Interactional view

Answer 8

behavior is a function of the person and the situation

Question 9

Self-determination theory

Answer 9

all people are motivated to satisfy three general needs: competence, autonomy, social connectedness or belonging

Question 10

Approval oriented motivation

Answer 10

doing things for approval

Question 11

rejection oriented motivation

Answer 11

faster when in individual (swimming)

Question 12

amotivation

Answer 12

lack of motivation

Question 13

external motivation

Answer 13

rewards or fear of punishment

Question 14

introjected motivation

Answer 14

internalized pressure of guilt, shame, etc.

Question 15

identified motivation

Answer 15

recognition the behavior is beneficial

Question 16

integrated motivation

Answer 16

alignment with values; the right thing to do

Question 17

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 17

internal enjoyment and interest

Question 18

Five guidelines of motivation

Answer 18

situation and traits matter, understand people’s multiple motives, change the environment to change motivation, influence motivation, use behafior modification to change undesirable motives

Question 19

Achievement motivation

Answer 19

the inner drive to do well. It’s what pushes people to work hard

Question 20

Competitiveness

Answer 20

a disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard excellence in the presence of evaluative others

Question 21

Need achievement theory

Answer 21

people are driven to achieve challenging goals, improve their skills, and overcome obstacles

Question 22

Two primary considerations in need achievement theory

Answer 22

probability of success and incentive value of success

Question 23

Result/Behavioral tendency

Answer 23

how the expected outcome influence es the result

Question 24

attrivution theory

Answer 24

how people expain their sucesses and failures

Question 25

basic attribution categories

Answer 25

stability, locus of causality, locus of control

Question 26

Stability

Answer 26

a factor to which one attributes success or failure is either fairly permanent or unstable

Question 27

Locus of causality

Answer 27

where people’s reasons for their actions come from (internal or external)

Question 28

Locus of control

Answer 28

a factor either is or isn’t under the individual’s control

Question 29

Achievement goal theory

Answer 29

one is motivated by one’s “interpretation” of what it takes to achieve success

Question 30

three key factors in the achievement goal approach

Answer 30

achievement goals, perceived ability, achievement behavior

Question 31

task goal orientation

Answer 31

the focus is on improving relative to your own past performances

Question 32

motivational climate

Answer 32

the perceived demands in the environment

Question 33

Problems with ego orientation

Answer 33

these people have a low perceived competence and demonstrate a low or maladaptive achievement behavioral pattern (likely to reduce efforts, cease trying, or make excuses)

Question 34

ego orientation

Answer 34

focus only on winning and losing

Question 35

task orientation

Answer 35

focus on learning tasks and strategies

Question 36

entity view

Answer 36

adopt ego goal focus, where they see their ability as fixed and unable to be changed by effort

Question 37

incremental focus

Answer 37

they adopt a task goal perspective and believe they can change their ability through hard work and effort

Question 38

approach goals

Answer 38

the athlete focuses on achieving competence

Question 39

avoidance goals

Answer 39

athlete focuses on avoiding incompetence

Question 40

Task approach oriented example

Answer 40

i want to improve my personal best running time

Question 41

Task avoidance oriented example

Answer 41

i don’t want to run slower than my personal best time

Question 42

Ego approach oriented

Answer 42

i want to win the race and beat her

Question 43

Ego avoidance oriented

Answer 43

avoid doing something because of the fear of losing

Question 44

competence motivation theory

Answer 44

athletes’ perceptions of control worl along with self-woth and competence evaluations to influence their motivation

Question 45

Three stages of developing achievement motivation and competitiveness

Answer 45

autonomous competence stage, social comparison stage, integrated stage

Question 46

Autonomous competence stage

Answer 46

children focus on mastering their environment and on self-testing (before age of 4)

Question 47

Social comparison stage

Answer 47

a child focuses on directly comparing their performance with that of others (begins at age of 5)

Question 48

Integrated stage

Answer 48

involves both social comparison and autonomous achievement strategies; person knows when it is appropriate to compete and compare themselves to others and when it is appropriate to adopt self-reference standards