Chapter 2 Flashcards
Goals of Science
Describe, Predict, Explain
Zajonc’s (1965) Social Facilitation Theory
Performance depends on level of difficulty and amount of people watching
Characteristics of science
Uses systematic approach, involves control of conditions, is impirical, is critical (approval of others)
Studies vs Experiments
Experiments use manipulation, studies are just observing
Issues with Experimental Designs
Reductionistic, allows more control (internal validity) but is less like real life (external validity)
Internal validity: experiments are __ and observations are ___
High, low
External Validity: experiments are ___ and observations are ___
Low, high
Professional Practice Knowledge
Knowledge gained through experience
Professional Practice Knowledge can be gained by…
Scientific method, single case studies, shared public experience, systematic observation, intuition, introspection (realizing & analyzing your own perception of things)
Science strengths
High reliability, systematic and controlled, objective and unbiased
Science limitations
Reductionistic, conservative and slow, external validity
Professional Practice strengths
Holistic, innovative, immediate
Professional Practice limitations
Low reliability, no causality, high subjectivity
RE-AIM Model
Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance; outlines five factors that interact to affect knowledge transfer
social-psychological orientation
Assume behavior is determined by a complex interaction between the environment and the personal makeup of the athlete
