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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 5 - Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Anxiety

A

Future-oriented mood state characterized by marked negative effect

  • includes somatic symptoms of tension
  • exhibited through behaviours, feelings and thoughts
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2
Q

Fear

A

Present-oriented mood state characterized by marked negative effect

  • involves abrupt activation of the sympathetic nervous system
  • Fight or flight response
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3
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A
  • Characterised by pervasive and persistent symptoms of anxiety and fear.
  • Involve excessive tendency to avoid/escape
  • Anxiety symptoms and avoidance cause clinically significant stress and impairment
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4
Q

Panic Attack

A

Abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort and the presence of 4+ symptoms, reaching peak w/in 10 min.

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5
Q

Symptoms of a Panic Attack

A
  • Palpitations
  • Sweating
  • Trembling/sweating
  • Shortness of breath/feeling smothered
  • Feelings of choking
  • Chest pain
  • Dizzy, lightheaded
  • Chills/hot flashes
  • Nausea
  • Derealisation
  • Fear of dying
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6
Q

What are the subtypes of panic attacks? (DSM-IV)

A

Situationally bound
Unexpected
Situationally predisposed

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7
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model for anxiety disorders?

A
  • Inherited vulnerability for anxiety and pain

- Stress and life circumstances activate the vulnerability

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8
Q

What are the biological contributions to anxiety disorders?

A
  • GABA, noradrenergic and serotonergic systems
  • Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and HPA axis
  • Limbic and septal-hippocampal systems
  • Behavioural inhibition system (BIS)
  • Fight-flight system
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9
Q

What was Freud’s perspective on anxiety?

A
  • Saw it as a psychic reaction to danger

- Involved the reactivation of an infantile fear situation

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10
Q

What is the behaviouristic perspective on anxiety?

A
  • anxiety and fear result from direct classical and operant conditioning and modelling
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11
Q

What is the psychological perspective on anxiety?

A
  • Caused by early experiences with uncontrollability and unpredictability
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12
Q

What is the social perspective on anxiety?

A
  • Biological and psychological vulnerabilities are triggered by stressful life events
  • Many stressors are familial and interpersonal
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13
Q

What is the integrated perspective on anxiety?

A
  • Diathesis-stress model: Biological vulnerability interacts with psychological, experiential and social variables to produce an anxiety disorder
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14
Q

What is the most common secondary comorbid diagnosis with anxiety?

A

Major depression

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15
Q

What does the high rate of comorbidity in anxiety suggest?

A
  • common factors across the different anxiety disorders

- relation between anxiety and depression

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16
Q

What are the types of Anxiety Disorders? (DSM 5)

A
  1. Generalized anxiety disorder
  2. Specific phobias
  3. Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia
  4. Social phobia
  5. Separation anxiety disorder
17
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for Panic Disorder?

A
  1. At least one unexpected panic attack AND

2. Anxiety/worry/fear about having another attack and its implications. Last for more than a month

18
Q

What percentage of the population has had panic disorder?

A

3.5% w/ 2/3’s being women

19
Q

At what age does Panic Disorder typically manifest?

A

Between 25-29 years of age

20
Q

What medical treatment options are used for PD?

A
  • Meds that target serotonergic, noradrenergic and GABA systems
  • SSRI’s= preferred drug
21
Q

What psychological/combined treatments are most effective?

A

Best long term outcome is through CBT

22
Q

What is a Specific Phobia?

A
  1. Extreme/irrational fear of specific object/situation
  2. Exposure leads to anxiety response
  3. Recognizes fear is irrational
  4. Avoidance or intense distress
  5. Interferes with daily function
  6. Last 6+ months
23
Q

How are Specific Phobias represented across the general population?

A
  1. 11% meet the criteria for SP
  2. More women than men
  3. Tends to be chronic, starts between 15-20 years of age
24
Q

What are the subtypes of Specific Phobias?

A
  1. Blood/injury/injection
  2. Situational
  3. Natural environment
  4. Animal
  5. Illness
  6. Other
25
Q

What are some potential contributing factors to Specific Phobias?

A
  1. Biological vulnerability
  2. Direct conditioning
  3. Observational learning
  4. Equipotentiality vs. nonassociative models
  5. Disgust sensitivity

Abnormal Psychology (8 decks)

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