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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 10 - Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Eating Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the disorders that fall under the ‘Eating Disorders’ category?

A
  1. Anorexia Nervosa
  2. Bulimia Nervosa
  3. Binge Eating Disorder
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2
Q

What are Eating Disorders?

A

Disorders involving disordered eating behaviours and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight.

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3
Q

What percent of women and men does Anorexia effect?

A 
Men = .02%
Women = .3%
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4
Q

What percent of women and men does Bulimia effect?

A 
Men = .1%
Women = 1-3%
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5
Q

What does the word ‘anorexia’ mean?

A

‘Without desire for food’

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6
Q

At what age does anorexia typically develop?

A

Between the ages of 12 and 18

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7
Q

What are the clinical features required for a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa?

A
  1. Restriction of food intake leading to significantly low weight
  2. Fear of becoming fat or gaining weight
  3. Disturbance in how one experience’s their body weight. A distorted perception of one’s body shape and excessive valuation based on weight.
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8
Q

What are ‘safe foods’?

A

Foods that are defined by the client as ok to eat such as celery, rice cakes, green tea and black coffee

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9
Q

What are the two subtypes of Anorexia?

A
  1. Restricting type: excessive food restriction, fasting and exercise
  2. Binge Eating/Purging type: regular objective binge/purge behavior
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10
Q

What is the major distinction between the Anorexia Binge Eating and Bulimia?

A

The weight of the person. Anorexic clients have significantly lower than normal body weight while Bulimics are more likely to have normal or high body weight.

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11
Q

What are some medical complications of Anorexia?

A
  1. Dermatological problems (esp. Women): dry cracking skin, fine downy hair (lanugo)
  2. Cardiovascular complications: heart irregularities, hypotension, dizziness/blackouts
  3. Osteoporosis
  4. Lethargy
  5. Renal Failure
  6. Decreased fertility
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12
Q

What is Bulimia Nervosa characterized by?

A
  • Recurrent binge/purge episodes

- Purging can be self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives, diuretics and enemas. Also fasting and excessive exercise

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13
Q

What are the clinical features for diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa?

A
  • Recurrent binge episodes: excessive amount of food in 2 hours or less, sense of lack of control while binging
  • Binging/purging occurs 2x/week for 3 months
  • Self-evaluation excessively influenced by weight & body shape
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14
Q

What are the subtypes of Bulimia Nervosa?

A
  1. Purging

2. Non-purging - use of exercise/fasting, only in 6-8% of cases

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15
Q

What are some medical complications of Bulimia?

A
  1. Skin irritation around the mouth from vomiting
  2. Russell’s signs: knuckles skinned or rubbed raw
  3. Electrolyte imbalance: result of improper digestion/nutrient absorption
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16
Q

What is EDNOS?

A

Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified

- disturbances in eating behaviour that do not fall into another specific category

17
Q

What characterizes Binge Eating Disorder?

A
  • Objective binge eating without compensation
  • Distress about binging
  • Feelings of lack of control
  • Occurs on average 2x/week for 6 months
18
Q

What is Pica?

A

An eating disorder involving persistent eating/chewing/licking of non-nutritive substances

19
Q

What is Rumination Disorder?

A

An eating disorder involving repeated regurgitation of food for a period of at least one month.

20
Q

What is Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder?

A

An eating or feeding disturbance as manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs

21
Q

What is the typical course and prognosis of someone with an eating disorder?

A
  • Notoriously difficult to treat: Highest mortality rate of all disorders
  • 70% eventually recover
  • High relapse rates
  • Residual food issues after treatment
22
Q

What are the possible biological causes of eating disorders?

A
  • Genetics: genes on chromosomes 1&10 linked to greater risk
  • Neurochemistry: Endogenous opioids
    - Serotonin (for regulating satiety) dysregulation
  • Hormones: ED’s develop in puberty
23
Q

What are the possible psychosocial causes of eating disorders?

A
  • Social pressure to conform to ‘ideal’ body
  • Dieting as an admired/socially accepted practice
  • Family Dynamics
  • Personality traits
  • Emotional factors
24
Q

What type of family dynamics can contribute to development of an eating disorder?

A
  • High levels of coerciveness/criticism
  • Family attention to weight/appearance
  • High parental expectations
  • Childhood abuse
  • Parents who don’t promote independence (esp. in girls) or allow autonomy
25
Q

What type of personality traits can contribute to the development of an eating disorder?

A
  • Perfectionism (high in those with Anorexia/Bulimia, also predictive of successful treatment)
  • Negative effect
26
Q

What emotional factors can contribute to the development of an eating disorder?

A
  • Using food intake restriction to relieve upsetting emotions by having ‘control’
  • Negative emotional states linked to binge eating, may indicate an attempt at coping
27
Q

What are some cognitive factors in the development of an eating disorder?

A
  • Perfectionism
  • Unreasonable pressure on oneself to achieve ‘perfect body’
  • In Bulimia, patients tend to think in dichotomous ‘black or white’
  • Body dissatisfaction
28
Q

What has proven to be the most effective treatment for bulimia?

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

- not as effective for anorexia

29
Q

What are the stages of CBT for bulimia?

A
  1. Behavioral - focus on control over eating
  2. Cognitive - focus on distorted thoughts about food/body
  3. Maintenance & relapse
30
Q

What is the most effective treatment for Anorexia?

A
  1. Family Therapy

2. Hospitalization and behavioural therapy

31
Q

How is Binge-Eating Disorder treated?

A

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is the treatment of choice

Abnormal Psychology (8 decks)

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