Chapter 5: Ancient Greece Flashcards
Amphora
Ancient Greek or Roman jar for storing oil, or wine, with and egg-shaped body and 2 curved handles
Pediment
Triangle gable found over major architectural elements such as classical greek portico, windows, or doors
Sanctuary
Sacred or holy temple used for worship
Olpe
Greek vessel without a spout
Black-figure-technique
Technique of ancient Greek ceramic decoration in black figures are painted on red clay ground
Red-figure-techniqe
Red clay colour figures on black background
Stoa
long roofed walkway usually having columns on one long side and a wall on the other
Caryatid
Sculpture of draped female figure acting as a column supporting an enblature (stick figure women thing)
Pedistal
Platform/base supporting sculpture or other monument
Entablature
Horizontal elements above the columns and capitals (consists of, from bottom to top, an architrave, a frieze, and a cornice)
Architrave
Bottom element in an entablature, beneath frieze and cornice
Terra Cotta
Medium made from clay fired over a low heat and sometimes left unglazed
Kore and Kouros
Archaic statues of young woman (kore) and man (kouros)
Archaic Smile
Curved lips of ancient Greek statues in the period c. 600-480 BCE
Kantharos
Ancient Greek goblet with 2 large handles and a wide mouth
Slip
Mixture of clay and water applied to a ceramic object as a final decorative coat
Metope
Carved/painted rectangular panel between the triglyph of a Doric frieze
Calyx Krater
Bell-shaped vessel with handles near the base that resembles a flower calyx
Sypsium
Elite gathering of wealthy and powerful men in ancient Greece that focused on wine, music, poetry, conversation, games, and love making
Contrapposto
Italian term meaning “set against” used to describe classical convention of representing human figures with opposing alternation of tension and relaxation on either side of a central axis, to imbue figures with a sense of the potential for movement
Humanism, Rationalism, idealism
Humanism - outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to humans rather than divine or supernatural powers
** Rationalism - Belief that actions and opinions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than religious
belief or emotional response ** Idealism - Belief that ones own ideas are real
Kylix
Shallow ancient Greek cup used for drinking, with a wide mouth and small handles near the rim
Psykter
Greek vessel with an extended base to allow it to float in a larger krater
Tondo
Painting or relief sculpture of circular shape
Oinochoe
Greek Jug used for wine
Temple Terminology (pg. 108)
Sanctuaries where an outdoor altar stood within an enclosed sacred area called a temenos?
Greek Orders Diagram (pg. 109)
Constitutes a system of interdependent parts whose proportions are based on mathematical ratios
Trojan War
Conflict between the kingdoms of Troy and Mycenaean Greece
Exekias
Greek painter + potter (ajax and achilles playing a game on vase)
Euphronios
Greek vase painter and potter known for red-figure technique (Death of Sarpedon)
Achilles and Ajax
War warriors, ajax commits suicide after Achilles becomes murdered
Corinth, Athens, Sparta
** Corinth - City and former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, Greece
**Athens - The heart of ancient Greece (Capital)
** Sparta - Prominent city-state- in ancient Greece
Mount Olympus
Highest mountain in Greece
Mount Parnassos
Mountain of limestone in Greece
The Deities
Gods and Goddesses
The Geometric Period
900-700 BCE, time of dramatic transformation leading to establishment of primary Greek Institutions
The Orientalizing Period
Cultural and art historical period.. Easter Mediterranean and Ancient Near east
The Archaic Period
600 - 480 BCE - Time of great achievement in Greece for literature
Zeus
Sky and Thunder God
Hera
Wife and one of 3 sisters of Zeus
The Early Classical Period
480-450 BCE, Establishment of Greek ideal of beauty than endured in the Western world to this day
Polykleitos
Greek Sculptor (Kritios Boy, Akropolis Athens, c. 475 BCE )
4;9 Ratio
Ratio of the Temple
Enstatis
Swelling of shaft or Greek Column
Idealization
Assumption of facts about things being molded that are strictly false but make models easier to understand or solve
Symmetria/commensurability
Symmetria - Statues of young athletes
Commensurability - Measurable by the same standard
Parapet
low protective wall, along the edge of a roof, bridge, or balcony
Agora
Open space in Greek town uses as a central gathering place or market
Bouleuterion
Building which housed council of citizens of a democratic city state
Podium
Raised platform that acts as the foundation for a building, or as a platform for a speaker
Tholos
Small ground building, sometimes built underground (Mycenaean Tomb)
Orthogonal Grid
Any line running back into the represented space of a picture perpendicular to the imagined picture plane
Hydria
Jar with 2 handles (horizontal ones at both sides and one vertical at the back) used for storing water
White-ground- paintin g
Background color of the object was painted with a slip that turns white in the firing process
Tempera
Permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigments that are mixed with water-soluble binder medium
Lekythoi
Vessel used for storing Oil
Strigil
Instrument with a curved blade used to scrape swear and dirt from the skin
Lost-wax-casting
Method of casting metal such as bronze.. Wax mold covered with clay and plaster, then fired, melting wax and leaving a hollow form
Mosaic
Image formed by arranging small colored stone or glass pieces and affixing them to a hard, stable surface
Tesserae
Small piece of stone, glass, or other objects that is pieced together with many others to create a mosaic
Foreshortening
The illusion created on a flat surface by which figures and objects appears to recede or the rules of perspective
Pausian Design
q,
Proscenium
Stage of Theatre
Torc
Neck ring worm by Celtic Warriors
Barbarian
Label for foreigners outside their cultural orbit
Expressionism
Artistic styles in which aspects of works of art are exaggerated to evoke subjective emotions rather than to portray objective reality or elicit a rational response
Akropolis
Raised area holding a building or cluster of buildings, especially in a pre-columbian city lmao what
The High Classical Period
450 - 400 BCE, Known as greece’s “Golden Age,” pinnacle of artistic refinement, producing works that set a standard of unsurpassed excellence
Peloponnesian War
431-404 BCE, fought by Athens and the empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta
Perikles
(c. 495-429) 5th Century BCE leader who Dominated Athenian politics and culture from 462 BCE until he died in 429 BCE
The Parthenon
Temple on Athenian Acropolis, Greece
Athena Nike/Promachos/Parthenos
Athena Nike - Temple in south of the Propylaia in 425 BCE
Promachos - Men fighting in first rank of phalanx
Parthenos - Ephithet of Athena.. Meaning “virgin?” what
Erechtheion
Temple north side of Acropolis
Pheidias
Sculptor, director of the construction of the Parthenon
Elgin Marbles
Collection of greek marble, originally part of the Parthenon
The Canon
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Propylaia
Monumental getaway
Panatheniac Way
Numerous roads led in and out of agora Square.. Dipylon, up to Acropolis
Hippodamos of Miletos
Major urban planner of the 5th Century BCE, held views on the reasoned perfectibility of Urban design akin to those of Athenian Philosophers and artists
Socrates
Greek philosopher who was the teacher of Plato
Polygnotos of Thasos
Vase painter in athens known for paintings of the Agora, Market place
The Late Classical Period
400-323 BCE, increased emphasis on the expression of emotion in arte
Plato and Aristotle
Philosophers in studying matters of ethics, science, politics
Aexander the Great
led united Greece in a war of revenge and conquest against the Persians
Lysippos
Greek sculptor (Man scraping himself)
Praxiteles
Sculptor (Aphrodite of Knidos, Hermes and the infant Dionysos
Gnosis
Common Greek noun for knowledge, signifying a dualistic knowledge in the sense of mystical enlightenment or “insight”
The Hellenistic Period
323-31/30 BCE, time of death between the man Alexander and the rise of Roman domination .. Successors of ATG
Antigonus, Ptolemy, Seleucus
Antigonus - controlled Macedonia and mainland Greece
Ptolemy - Ruled egypt
Seleucus - … don’t friggin know not sorry
Pergamon
Ancient Greek City in Aeolis
Pausia vs Glykera
q,
