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EDVS 1660: History 1 > Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt Definitions/Photos > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt Definitions/Photos Flashcards

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1
Q

Hierarchic Scale

A

Use of difference in size to indicate relative importance

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2
Q

Composite Pose

A

Combining different viewpoints within a single representation

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3
Q

Hieroglyph

A

Picture writing; words and ideas in symbol forms

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4
Q

Sacrophagus

A

Stone coffin

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5
Q

Papyrus

A

Material from pithy stem of water plant (used in sheets)

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6
Q

Mastaba

A

Tomb rectangular in shape with sloping sides and flat roof

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7
Q

Sphinx

A

Figure of imaginary creature having head of man, or animal and the body of a lion

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8
Q

Cannon

A

Heavy piece of artillery, mounted on wheels and used in warfare

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9
Q

Grid

A

System of regularly spaced horizontally and vertically crossed lines

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10
Q

Necropolis

A

Large cemetery or burial area; literally “a city of the dead”

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11
Q

Lotus

A

Plant

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12
Q

Portico

A

Projecting roof or porch supported by columns, usually marking an entrance

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13
Q

Gneiss

A

Metamorphic rock with banded foliated structure, usually coarse-grained

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14
Q

Scribe

A

Person who copies out documents (Kai)

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15
Q

Lower Egypt

A

North of Egypt where nile stretched out with its several branches to form the Nile Delta

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16
Q

Upper Egypt

A

Stop of land on both sides of the Nile, extends between Nubai and downriver to lower egypt

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17
Q

Imhotep

A

Egyptian polymath who served under the 3rd Dynasty kind Djoser as chancellor

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18
Q

Khafre

A

King of 4th Dynasty ruled 2520-2492 BCE and was the son of Khufu

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19
Q

Menkaure

A

King of 4th Dynasty in the Old kingdom, ruled (2490-2472 BCE) successor of king Khafre

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20
Q

Khufu

A

Second pharaoh during 4th Dynasty. (2490-24720 BCE) commissioned the great pyramid of Giza.

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21
Q

Photo: The Palette of Narmer

A

Hierakonpolis. 2950 BCE.

  • Hieroglyphs
  • Hierarchic scale
  • Composite poses
  • Narmer Wears bull’s tail
  • Ceremonial palette, but with mixing Saucer
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22
Q

Twelfth Dynasty

A

1935-1758 BCE

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23
Q

Thirteenth Dynasty

A

1755-1630 BCE

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24
Q

Photo: Step Pyramid and Sham Buildings

A

funerary complex of Djsor. Saqqara. 3rd Dynasty. C. 2630 - 2575 BCE.

  • Earliest know monumental architecture in Egypt
  • Designed by Imhotep, first architect in history to be identified
  • Stairway to the sun of god (ra)
  • Built over kings tomb for protection
  • Djoser an observer of rituals from afterlife
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25
Q

Photo: Great Pyramids of Giza

A

4th Dynasty. C. 2575-2450 BCE.

  • Oldest & largest; pyramid of Khufu
  • Processional with ceremonies from east bank of Nile to pyramid tomb on west bank
  • Oriented to compass points
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26
Q

Photo: Great Sphinx

A

Funerary complex of Khafre, Giza. Old Kingdom. C - 2520-2494 BCE.

  • Near khafre’s valley temple
  • Khafre’s head on temple body of lion
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27
Q

Photo: Valley Temple of Khafre Giza

A

Old kingdom. C 2520-2494 BCE.

  • Walls & piers support flat roof
  • Clerestory windows for light
  • Polished alabaster floors
  • Houses over-life-size statues of Khafre
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28
Q

Photo: Khafre, Giza

A

Valley Temple of Khafre. 4th Dynasty, C. 2520-2494 BCE.

  • House the falcon god
  • Lions form 3 legs
  • Intertwined lotus (Upper Egypt) and papyrus (Lower Egypt) intertwined beneath the seat indicate king’s power overall of Egypt
  • Stone produces blue glow in sunlight, the celestial colour of Horus (god of the heavens)
  • Permanence conveyed in pose, facial expression, material.
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29
Q

Photo: Menkaure and a queen, probably Khamerenebty II

A

From Giza. 4th Dynasty. 2490-2472 BCE

  • Conventional calm and dignified pose with queen’s embrace
  • Menkaure shown youthful & athletic in conventional kilt and headdresses, left food forward, arm’s straight, fists clenching cylindrical objects
  • Queen’s rounded torso contrasts king’s
  • Traces of paint remain: red on the king per tradition, black on the queen’s hair
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30
Q

Photo: Seated Scribe

A

Found near the tomb of kai. Saqqara 5th Dynasty. C. 2450-2325 BCE.

  • More relaxed/life-like than statues of royalty
  • Round head. Close-cropped hair, alert expression
  • Individually
  • Eyes inlaid with polished crystal with pupils slight off center
  • Soft physique
31
Q

Photo: Watching a hippo hunt, tomb of Ti

A

5th Dynasty. C. 2450-2325 BCE.

  • Tomb wall painting using representational conventions
  • River viewed from above, while animals in river shown in profile
  • Boats shown straight - on
  • Papyrus in vertacl lines with prey animals stalking birds among flora
  • Ti in composite post and hierarchically scaled, while hunters are more life-like
32
Q

Photo: Sensuret III from Dier-el-Bahri.

A

12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, c 1850 BCE.

  • Less serene and confident than imaged from the Old Kingdom
  • Frontality of pose similar
  • Changing sensibilities or conventions?
33
Q

Photo: Picking Figs

A

Wall painting from the tomb of Khumhortep. Beni Hasan. 12th Dynasty. C. 1890 BCE.

  • Farm workers & baboons
  • Upper torsos of figures more lifelike than royal composite poses
34
Q

Photo: Stele of the Gatekeeper of the Royal Treasury Maety.

A

12th Dynasty to middle Kingdom.

  • Barefoot
  • Elaborate broad collar, bracelets, and knee-length kilt
  • Offering table with ten feathers
  • Perfume vessel
  • Offerings above feathers
  • Emphasis on line
  • Scene composed in registers or bands with canon proportions
35
Q

Photo: Judgment of Hunefer befor Osiris

A

19th D, c. 1285 BCE

  • Anubis leads him by the hand (left)
  • Ma’at appears atop the balancing arm of the scale wearing a feather headress
  • Ammit, the dreaded “easter of the dead” part crocodile, lion, hoppo watches sign from ibis-headed god Thoth,
  • Hunefer passes test, and Horus presents him to enthroned Osiris
  • Nepthys and Isis supporting him in back
36
Q

Photo: Karomama

A

3rd Int per, 22nd Dynasty, c. 945-715 BCE

  • Extraordinary most surviving portrait of Egypt:
  • Divine consort of Amun and member of a community of virgin priestesses selected from the pharaoh’s family or retinue who were dedicated to him
  • Karomama.. Daughter of king Osorkan I (20th D, r.c 985-978 BCE)
  • Identified as priestesses rather than princess
37
Q

King Djoser

A

(2650-2631 BCE)

○ Commissioned the most earliest known architecture in Egypt
○ Designer was Imhotep (served as Prime Minister)

38
Q

King Khufu

A

2251-2528 BCE

39
Q

Khafre

A

2520-2494 BCE

  • son of khufu
40
Q

Menakaure

A

2490-2472 BCE

41
Q

Mentuhotep

A

(11th D, 2010 - 1938 BCE)

  • Gained power in Thebes
  • Reasserted royal power and founded the Middle Kingdom
42
Q

Senusret II

A

1842-1837 BCE

43
Q

Snusret III

A

1836-1818 BCE

Built the town Kahun

44
Q

Thutmose I

A

1493-1482 BCE

45
Q

Thutmose III

A

1479-1425 BCE

  • Extended Egypt’s influence alone the eastern Mediterranean coast as far as the region of present-day Syria
  • First to refer himself as Pharaoh
46
Q

Amenhotep III

A

1390-1353 BCE

47
Q

Amenhotep IV

A

1353-1336 BCE

48
Q

Tutankhaten

A

1332-1322 BCE

  • Son of Amun
  • The one to return stuff to traditional beliefs
49
Q

Sety I

A

1290-1279 BCE

50
Q

Ramses II

A

1279-1213 BCE

  • Son of Sety
51
Q

Osorkan I

A

985-978 BCE

52
Q

Taharqo

A

690-664 BCE

53
Q

Cleopatra VII

A

51-30 BCE

54
Q

Hatshepsut

A

1473-1458 BCE

FEMALE PHARAOH

55
Q

Photo: Mask of King Tut

A

1327 BCE

  • Valley of kings
  • Flail and Crook
  • Sacrophagus (Stone coffin)
56
Q

Photo: Reconstruction Drawing of Djosers Funeraray Complex

A
  • Saqqara
  • 2630-2575 BCE
  • Stone and wood
57
Q

Photo: Step Pyramid and Sham building, Complex of Djoser

A
  • Ziggurat
  • Stairway to son god Ra
  • 92 foot shaft
  • Adjacent funerary temple
58
Q

Photo: Butcher

A
  • Tomb of Nikau-inpu

- 5th d 2450-2325 BCE

59
Q

Photo: Stele of Amenemhat

A

Assasif

  • 11th D, 2000
  • Food offerings
  • Wife Lyi, and son Antef
  • Convention of Skin
60
Q

Photo: Reconstruction Drawing of The Great Temple of Amun at Karnak

A

Karnak

  • 1579-1075 BCE
  • Vast Hall filled with columns (Hypostyle)
61
Q

Photo: Reconstruction of Hypo Hall

A

Karnak

  • 1292 - 1190 BCE
  • Sety and son Ramses
62
Q

Photo: Columns with Papyriform and Bud Capitals, Hypostyle Hall, Great Temple of Amun,

A

Karnak

  • 19th D
  • Sety and Ramses
  • Carving on Columns
63
Q

Photo: Hatshepsut Kneeling

A
  • Deir - el - bahir

1423-1458 BCE

  • Shown as king
  • mile away from valley of kings
64
Q

Photo: Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut

A

1473-1458 BCE

  • Far left ramp in drawing
  • Dier el Bahri
  • Base of funerary temple is mentuotep
65
Q

Photo: Drawing of Hatshepsut Temple

A
  • Dier el Bahri
  • Flat Dessert to sloping hillside
  • Axial Plan ..
  • Causeway lined with sphinxes
66
Q

Photo: Ramose Brother May and his wife

A
  • Tomb of Ramose

- 1375 - 1365 BCE

67
Q

Photo: Collosal Figure of Akhenhaten

A
  • Gompaaten Temple
  • Akhenhaten
  • Starling Stylizations, physical distortions
  • Placed oriental movement on son
  • Facial features include distorted and exaggerations
  • Pictorial Relief Sculptures (2D drawing on 3D surface)
68
Q

Photo: Akhenhaten and his Fam

A
  • 1353-1336 BCE
  • 2 daughters
  • Shaved heads
  • Pictorial Relief Sculpture
  • Recieving blessings from Aken
69
Q

Photo: Queen Tiy

A
  • Medinet-El-Ghurab
  • 1352 BCE
  • Reveals bone structure
  • Portrait altered once son came to power
70
Q

Photo: Nefertiti

A
  • Akhen’s wife
  • 1353-1336 BCE
  • Stucco
  • Painted limestone
  • Smoothed out
71
Q

Photo: Fish Shaped perfume bottle

A

Akhen

1353-1356 BCE

72
Q

Photo: Nefertiti Making an Offering

A
  • Tomb of nef
  • Valley of queens
  • 1290 - 1224
  • Making offering to Isis
  • Shown Royalty
73
Q

Photo: Sphinx of Taharqo

A
  • Tikawa, Nubia
  • 680 BCE
  • 2 Cobras represent 2 kingdoms
  • Known as African King by the facial expressions

EDVS 1660: History 1 (7 decks)

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