Chapter 5: Adulthood and Aging

Question 1

cognitive strategies old people use to make themselves happier

Answer 1

focusing on experiences, maintaining a positive attitude, engaging in activities

Question 2

how can music prevent cognitive decline?

Answer 2

brain stimulation

Question 3

what is euthanasia and why is it controversial?

Answer 3

ending someone’s life medically. Controversial because some see it as murder while others see it as compassionate

Question 4

menopause

Answer 4

when a woman has stopped having a period for 12 months or longer. Can no longer reproduce

Question 5

generativity

Answer 5

desire to improve well being of future generations

Question 6

stagnation

Answer 6

feeling stuck, unproductive, lacking purpose

Question 7

ageism

Answer 7

discrimination/stigmatization of people based on age

Question 8

dementia

Answer 8

loss of cognitive functioning (thinking, memory, reasoning)

Question 9

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 9

progressive disease that shrinks the brain and kills brain cells. Many similar symptoms as dementia

Question 10

Thanatology

Answer 10

study of death and dying

Question 11

hospice

Answer 11

comfort care for someone with a terminal illness

Question 12

what age do humans reach their physical peak?

Answer 12

20-30’s

Question 13

What are early signs of aging

Answer 13

wrinkles, grey hair, vision issues, muscle weakness,

Question 14

How can people prevent heart disease, cancer, and cirrhosis of the liver while they’re young?

Answer 14

healthy lifestyle (diet, exercise, don’t smoke/drink, reduce stress, etc)

Question 15

three contributing factors to early death in young adults

Answer 15

accidents, homicide, suicide

Question 16

what percentages of marriage end in divorce?

Answer 16

40-50%

Question 17

what are some strategies happily married couples have?

Answer 17

communication, compromise, quality time, conflict management, prioritizing time together

Question 18

what are some physical and emotional reactions caused by menopause?

Answer 18

emotional: mood swings, decreased sex drive, anxiety, depression, irritability

Physical: hot flashes, irregular periods, weight gain, difficulty sleeping

Question 19

what physical and mental changes occur as we age?

Answer 19

physical: bone density, weight gain, vision, increased risk of some diseases, loss of immunity

mental: memory loss, decreased reaction time, anxiety, grief

Question 20

how does stagnation represent negative development?

Answer 20

its a lack of growth/progress

Question 21

According to Levionson’s Theory of Male Development what happens just after Age of Thirty transition?

Answer 21

the “settling down” period where focus is on goals, stability, family, and community

Question 22

What is another time that Levinson considers a major transition period for males?

Answer 22

midlife transition (40-50’s)

Question 23

What are some similarities and differences in male and female adulthood development?

Answer 23

similarities: cognitive abilities,

differences: women more resilient, interaction styles, men focus more on career/women more on family, women’s memory declines faster,

Question 24

What cognitive abilities can improve over a person’s age span?

Answer 24

vocabulary, reading, fluid reasoning

Question 25

3 challenges we face as we age

Answer 25

health issues, mobility issues, social challenges like isolation, ageism, financial insecurity

Question 26

decremental model of aging

Answer 26

everyone experiences gradual decline in physical and mental abilities as people age

Question 27

why do older people have a hard time with problems that require the generation of new ideas?

Answer 27

decline in fluid intelligence (ability to solve novel problems, think quickly/abstractly)

Question 28

How have life expectancy rates changed since 1950?

Answer 28

it’s increased due to better medical care, hygiene, and healthier lifestyles

Question 29

What causes Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 29

age related brain changes, genetics, and lifestyle

Question 30

Kubler-Ross 5 stages of death

Answer 30

denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

Question 31

Why might a person not experience all stages of the Kubler-Ross stages of death?

Answer 31

it’s non-linear, don’t go in any strict order, not everyone will experience every stage

Question 32

why might a family choose hospice over hospital care?

Answer 32

It’s goal is to provide comfort and support, pain management, and fewer medical tests/procedures. Not focused on treatment.