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Social Psych > Ch. 6 Body and Behavior > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Body and Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Spinal Cord

A

nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between body/brain

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

nerves branching beyond the spinal cord into the body

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4
Q

neurons

A

long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain

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5
Q

synapse

A

the gap between individual nerve cells

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6
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals released by neurons which determine the rate at which other neurons fire

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7
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

part of peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

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8
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

part of peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions

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9
Q

hindbrain

A

rear base of skull
involved in basic processes of life

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10
Q

midbrain

A

above the pons
arouses the brain
integrates sensory information and relays it upward

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11
Q

forebrain

A

covers central core
responsible for sensory and motor control and processing of thinking and language

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12
Q

lobes

A

different regions that the cerebral cortex is divided

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13
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

machine that records electrical activity of the brain

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14
Q

Computerized Axial Tomography (CT)

A

imaging technique used to find brain injuries and deterioration

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15
Q

Position Emission Tomography (PET)

A

imaging technique used to see which brain areas are being activated while performing tasks

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16
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

imaging technique used to study brain structure and activity

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17
Q

Endocrine system

A

chemical communication using hormones to send messages through the bloodstream

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18
Q

hormones

A

chemical substances that carry messages through the body in blood

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19
Q

pituitary gland

A

center of control of endocrine system that secretes hormones

20
Q

heredity

A

genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to children

21
Q

genes

A

basic building blocks of heredity

22
Q

genotype

A

whole set of genes in an organism

23
Q

phenotype

A

expression of a particular trait in an organism (e.g. blue eyes)

24
Q

inbred

A

descended from ancestors with similar genetics

25
Q

outbred

A

descended from ancestors with different genetics

26
Q

identical twins

A

one egg, same heredity

27
Q

fraternal twins

A

two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm

28
Q

2 main divisions of peripheral nervous system

A

somatic (voluntary muscles like arms)
autonomic (involuntary muscles like lungs)

29
Q

similarities/differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

A

both deal with energy
sympathetic expends energy
parasympathetic conserves energy

30
Q

difference between afferent and efferent neurons

A

afferent (sensory) relays messages from sensory organs to the brain (e.g. food scent tells your brain dinner is cooking)

efferent (motor) sends signals from the brain to glands and muscles (e.g. walking/moving)

31
Q

interneurons

A

process signals and connect only to other neurons

32
Q

3 parts of a neuron

A

cell body, dendrites, axon

33
Q

functions of cerebellum

A

controls posture, balance, and voluntary movements

34
Q

where is the medulla located

A

hindbrain

35
Q

function of the motor cortex

A

controls body movement

36
Q

what part of the brain are body sensations experienced

A

parietal

37
Q

what does the right hemisphere specialize in

A

visual/spatial (like puzzles)
music
art
creativity

38
Q

what part of the brain could solve a complex word problem

A

left

39
Q

main functions of the lobes of the brain

A

occipital: visual
parietal: sensory
temporal: hearing, memory, emotion, speaking
frontal: planning, organizing, creative thinking

40
Q

functions of thalamus

A

integrates sensory input and sends it on to other parts

41
Q

functions of hypothalamus

A

controls body functions like hunger, thirst, temperature, etc

42
Q

function of adrenal glands

A

generate extra energy needed to handle difficult situations/stress, regulate salt and water in the body, regulate blood pressure and inflamation

43
Q

what part of endocrine system controls metabolic rate

A

thyroid gland

44
Q

function of pituitary gland

A

secretes hormones

45
Q

difference between hormone and neurotransmitter

A

neurotransmitter releases chemicals right next to cells it’s trying to effect. Hormones release chemicals into the bloodstream.

46
Q

where are the instructions for development located in a cell

A

Social Psych (5 decks)

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