Chapter 1: Approaches to Psychology Flashcards
physiological
normal physical activities in an organism like breathing, eating, sleeping
cognitive
conscious intellectual activity such as thinking, reasoning, remembering
psychology
study of scientific behavior and mental processes
theory
complex explanation based on findings from experiments
basic vs. applied science
basic: goal to find out more about behavior
applied: goal to find ways to use what we already know to solve problems
hypothesis
educated guess about a phenomenon, prediction
structuralist
psychologist that studies the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences
functionalist
study how people or animals adapt to their environments, studies the function or actions of the conscious mind
psychoanalyst
psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior, feelings, and thoughts
behaviorist
psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on events in the environment
humanist
psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future ad achieving personal growth
the scientific method
systematic method for studying something
using a hypothesis, experiment (collecting data), an analysis of the data to come up with your conclusion
ethics in experiments
experiments with living creatures cannot cause harm, must give informed consent explaining potential dangers before starting, must have permission through a review board before beginning experiments on people/animals
Pavlov
behaviorist, “pavlov’s dog”
-ring bell, give food, dog drools
-repeat a bunch of times
-ring bell, no food, dog still drools
-classical conditioning
Freud
psychoanalyst, believed we develop through psychosexual stages, and our childhood events influence us, studied the conscious/subconscious
Skinner
-behaviorist
-applied behavioral principals to the lab
-showed how you could change behavior by manipulating the environment
Psychologists
scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals
Psychiatry
a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders
some fields of psychology
school psychology, counseling, clinical, academia (teaching), business and government,
applied science
discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals
basic science
the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for it’s own sake
cognitivist
psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how thought processes influence our behavior
developmental psychologist
psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures
educational psychologist
a psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn
empirical
based on observation or experiment
functionalist
psychologist who studies the actions of the conscious mind and the goals or purposes of behavior
psychiatry
a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders. An actual Doctor, can prescribe meds.
psychology
the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research
structuralist
a psychologist who studies the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences
hypothesis
educated guess
a psychologist who uses the results of sleep research to solve a patient’s sleep problems is practicing
applied science
Wundt’s experiments are important because…
he was the first to use a systematic procedure to study human behavior
James studied how people and animals adapt to their environment. He was a….
functionalist
free association is a method most closely associated with what approach
psychoanalytic
clinical psychologists differ from counseling psychologists because
they are more likely to diagnose and treat emotional disturbances than counseling psychologists
psychobiologist
studies how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment
someone who helps police by developing personality profiles of criminals is what branch?
forensic psychology
T or F: understanding psychology can provide useful insights to behavior
True
T or F: a goal of psychologists to predict behavior using accumulated knowledge about the ways humans act in various situations
True
T or F: Applied science is the pursuit of knowledge for it’s own sake
T or F: John Locke established the first psychology laboratory
F
T or F: the procedure of introspection led the way to the development and use of the scientific method in psychology
T
Which processes are normal physical activities
physiological
the use of experimental and mathematical techniques to formulate and test hypothesis is known as
scientific method
theory
the end product of an experimental study
a scientist engaged in basic science
discovers principles about human behavior
how is psychology connected to natural sciences
it explores biological explanations for human behavior
T or F: Freud is the founder of psychology
F
T or F: Sir Francis Galton based his theory of inheritable traits on biographies
T
T or F: psychologists who studied the function of consciousness became known as psychoanalysts
F
T or F: BF skinner identified that ONLY punishment can cause changes in behavior
F
T or F: humanistic psychologists such as Rollo May describe human nature as evolving and self directed
T
Descartes proposed that
the mind and body are linked
Kohler is associated with what kind of psychology?
Gestalt
Who is the pioneer of psychoanalytic psychology
Freud
Conditioning is most closely associated to what kind of psychology?
behaviorism
humanism differs from behaviorism and psychoanalysis in that
it doesn’t view humans as being controlled by external events or unconscious forces.
