Chapter 5 A&P Beck Test Flashcards
All living matter is composed of a colorless, jelly-like substance called
Protoplasm
During early stages of an organism, the repeated division of the ovum (egg) results in many specialized cells that differ from one another in composition and function
Differentiation
Process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
Anabolism
Skeletal membrane Perichondrium covers/is around
The cartilage
Adipose tissue has an abundance of
Fat containing cells
Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior half and posterior half (front and back)
Coronal a.k.a. frontal plane
The cranial cavity is one of the
Dorsal cavities
The shoulder joint and the deltoid muscle is called
Deltoid Region
Due to the reproductive system- in the embryonic stage of a fetus, the _________ forms the glands of the skin, nails, nervous system, and lining of the mouth
Ectodermal cells
Deepest layer of the epidermis
Stratum germinativum
Egg shaped preceptors, sensitive to vibration and pressure
Pacinian corpuscle
Healthy skin is soft, flexible and ____________
Slightly acidic
Abnormally developed sacs containing pus
Cysts
Accumulation of dry or greasy flakes
Scale
The most common type of skin cancer is
Basal cell carcinoma
Where is psoriasis found?
Scalp, elbows, knees, and rarely the face
Inflammation and excessive oiliness of the skin on cheeks and nose
Rosacea
An itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours is a
Wheal
Goosebumps are due to
Contracting arrector pili muscles
Scab or abrasion due to scarring or scraping
Excoriation
Stratumspinosum has
Irregularly shaped cells
What areas are considered long bones?
Legs, arms, fingers, and toes
The _____ portion of bones are made up of ________ bones which consist of irregularly shaped spaces of thin bony plates
Inner, Cancellous
Made up of the ribs and sternum
Thorax cage
Are freely moving structures because they are synovial
Diathrotic (Function)
Are slightly immovable structures because they’re cartiaginous
Amphiarthrotic (Function)
Are immovable structures because they’re fibrous
Synathrotic (Function)
Another name for the kneecap
Patella
Immovable joints are called
Synathrotic
Greatest range of motion is found in
Ball and socket joints
Osteoarthritis results in
Abnormal bone thickening
Forms the hard bone found in the shaft of long bones and along the outside of flat bones
Compact bone tissue
First indicator of osteoporosis is
A bone fracture from a minor accident
Over ____ muscles in the body
600
Two categories of muscle fibers are
Parallel and Pinnate
The most stationary attachment of a muscle is
The origin
Has membranous channels that release calcium ions and causes muscle contractions
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
A Chickens white breast meat has
Type II fibers
Muscles that assist the primary muscle of an action are called
Synergist
Behind or in back of
Dorsal
An enlargement of the breath of a muscle as a result of repeated forceful muscle activity is called
Hypertrophy
Aerobic cellular respiration to replenish ATP takes place in the
Mitochondria
An _____ contraction occurs when a muscle is contracted, and the ends of the muscle move further apart
Eccentric
The double layered membrane that covers the heart is the
Pericardium
The smallest microscopic, thin walled blood vessels are called
Capillaries
Allows blood to flow only from the left atrium to the left ventricle
The bicuspid valve
Coordinate immune defenses and kill cells on contact
T cells
When is an HIV infected person considered to have AIDS?
When their CD4 & T-cells count is less than 200
Is sexual contact a way to spread HIV?
No! Spread of HIV needs a high concentration of the virus, a appropriate environment, and a port of entry
White blood cells are
Leukocytes
Gets its blood from the internal branch of the common carotid artery
Cranial cavity
Mass of blood trapped under the skin from bleeding
Hematoma
Filters excess fluid and damaged cells from the lymph
Lymph nodes
Occipital lymph nodes are at
The base of the skull
In case of an injury platelets release _______ which is a vasoconstrictor that causes a vascular spasm closing the blood vessels
Serotonin
Goes from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the heart
Pulmonary circulation
Filters lymph from your legs, left arm, left side of head, neck and chest
Thoracic duct
Relaxation and enlargement of arterial walls
Vasodialation
_____ _____ is the outermost layer
Dura Mater
Three parts of the brainstem
Midbrain, Pons, and the Medulla Oblongata
Involves nerves to visceral organs, glands, and blood vessels
Autonomic nervous system
Involves nerves to muscle and skin
Somatic nervous system
Detects pain everywhere except the brain
Nociceptors
Sense smell and taste. Are sensitive to carbon dioxide and pH changes in the blood
Chemoreceptors
Regulate smooth muscles, the heart and other involuntary functions
Autonomic nervous system
Carries impulses from the brain to the effectors
Motor neuron
Carry impulses from one neuron to the next across the synapse
Neurotransmitters
The ________ is very sensitive to reflex
Sole of the foot
Functions as a conductive pathway for nerve impulses to and from the brain
Spinal cord
Degenerative neurological condition affecting the motor nerves of the brain and spinal cord causing them to die
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Polio is caused by
A virus
The largest and longest nerve in the body is the
Sciatic nerve
Thymus stimulates
T – lymphocytes
Increases and regulates calcium levels in the blood
Parathormone
Two hormones secreted by the ovaries
Estrogen and progesterone
The adrenal glands are situated
On top of each kidney
Aldosterone regulates ______ and _________ balance in the extracellular fluid and in the blood
sodium, potassium
The pituitary gland is in the
Head
These two control the relationship between the endocrine and nervous system
Pituitary and hypothalamus
Produces thyroxine, Triidothyronine, and calcitonin
Thyroid gland
Chemical substances, manufactured by the endocrine glands are known as
Hormones
3 Accessory organs of the respiratory system
Larynx, Pharynx, and trachea
______ of the intercostal muscles causes the ribs to rise and the thoracic cavity to expand
Inhalation
An airborne disease that can spread through the body
Tuberculosis (a.k.a TB)
Common cold symptoms
Dry cough, sore throat, and nasal discharge
Influenza can be complicated because of possible
Secondary infections
3 Accessory digestive organs
Pancreas, gallbladder and liver
Four layers of alimentary canal walls
Mucosa, Submucosa, Serous and muscle layer
Contains enzymes that breakdown starch into simple sugars called salivary amylase
Saliva
_______ Colon is an S shaped bend in the colon that connects to the colon
Sigmoid
Wavelike muscular movement that propels material through the Alimentary canal is
Peristalsis
Structure / small intestine that is chiefly responsible for absorption of digested food is
Villi
Hollow organ made with walls of elastic fibers
Bladder
The functional unit of the kidney is the
Nephron
Hormone produced in the kidneys that acts to regulate blood pressure is
Renin
The kidneys filter _______ of plasma a day
40 to 50 gallons
Fertilized ovum travel through the fallopian tubes to the
Uterus
Sperm cells are produced in the
Seminiferous Tubules
Testosterone is produced by the
interstitial cells of Leydig
A fertilized ovum is also known as
Zygote
Muscular tube leading from the vulva to the cervix, and is the lower part of the birth canal
Vagina
Discharge of a mature ovum from the follicle of the ovary
Ovulation
Cyclic, bleeding every 4 weeks
Menstruation
Two divisions of Peripheral Nervous System are
Autonomic and Somatic
