Chapter 5

Question 1

What porcentage of road accidents are caused by tiredness?

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

What are the signs of tiredness?

Answer 2

• optical illusion, double vision
• dry mouth
• yawning
• difficulty maintaining even speed
• feeling disengaged and mentally tired
• eyelids feels heavy
• neck muscles relax
• coldness
• microsleep

Question 3

Where do single vehicle occur the most and what is the reason?

Answer 3

most common type of accident outside of build-up areas, many at dawn or when it is dark, partially due to tiredness

Question 4

What to do if you are tired?

Answer 4

• powernap (20 min)
• cold air
• music
• walk
• coffee / energy drink

Question 5

How much alcohol can make you go over the limit?

Answer 5

A single strong beer

Question 6

What are the negative effects of alcohol?

Answer 6

• tiredness
• impaired judgment
• impaired peripheral vision
• overestimate your ability
• underestimate the risk of having an accident
• impaired coordination
• impaired perception of reality
• increased sensitivity to light

Question 7

What day of the way is there the most deadly accident?

Answer 7

Saturdays. The lowest on mondays

Question 8

Can alcohol metabolism be speeded up?

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

What is the alcohol limit in Sweden?

Answer 9

0,2 per mille

Question 10

What are the penalties for driving over the limit?

Answer 10

Over 0,2: drunk driving conviction. Fine and up to 6 months in prison. License can be revoked. If you caused an accident you can be guilty of aggravated drunk driving.
Over 1.0: aggravated drunk driving. Penalty is up to 2 years in prison and revocation of your driving license. If guilty of involuntary manslaughter, it can go up to 6 years in prison.

Question 11

What is complicity in drunk driving?

Answer 11

• lending your car to someone under the influence

- providing alcohol to someone you know will drive

Question 12

How does the alcolok work?

Answer 12

You can have that as a conditional license when driving the car it is fitted to. You have to use the breathanalyser. If you are under the influence, the license will be revoked.
You will need to have the alkolok inspected by a certified garage every month and go to the doctor every 3 months.

Question 13

How many people die in alcohol-related accidents each year?

Answer 13

70. 1 in 5 drivers
    half of drivers between 15 and 24 are killed in single vehicle accidents related to alcohol
    Alcohol is 50% of single vehicle accident deaths

Question 14

Strong spirits and beer or wine equivalents

Answer 14

1 can light beer (50 cl, 3.5%) = 4.5 cl strong spirit
1 can of strong beer (50 cl, 5.6%) = 7 cl strong spirit
1 glass of red wine (18 cl, 12%) = 5.5 cl strong spirit
1/2 bottle red wine (37 cl, 12%) = 11 cl strong spirit

Question 15

What are the 3 categories of narcotics

Answer 15

• Hallucinogens (marijuana, LSD) disort perception of reality
• Sedatives (morphine, heroin) increase the risk of falling asleep on the wheel
• Stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine) impair judgment, people overestimate their abilities, risk of collapse.

Question 16

Laws and narcotics

Answer 16

Zero tolerance. As soon as the drug can be traced in your blood, you can be convicted of driving under the influence.
Hash or marijuana stay in th body for a longer time.

Question 17

What reactions can be caused by stress?

Answer 17

• impaired ability to react
• Panic
• Minsinterpretation of your surroundings
• Difficulty thinking straight, mental tiredness
• confusion, feeling glassy-eyed
• Tunnel vision
• giving up, not trying to solve the situation

Question 18

15% of all drivers are responsible for 50% of the accidents. Why?

Answer 18

personality traits and moral developement

Question 19

What are the stages of moral development?

Answer 19

First stage: egoism
Second stage: begin to accept society and it’s obligations. you follow the rules
Third stage: realise the importance of helping out and contributing to society.

Question 20

What are the negative personality traits?

Answer 20

• excuses: not my fault
• prestige-mindedness: person has to be the best. Ex risky overtake after being overtaken.
• impulsivness: act first and think later.
• Repression: unpleasent thought are ignored. Ex driving fast in slippery road conditions.

Question 21

How long is the probationary period?

Answer 21

2 years.

Question 22

What has research shown about young drivers?

Answer 22

-more tolerant to offences
-longer reaction time
-use rear-view mirror less
-more abrupt and jerky style of driving
-drive faster
focus more on stationary objects on the road than moving ones
-more competitive
- Risk of accident 6-7 times higher for drivers between 18-19

Question 23

How much risk is it to have an accident for drivers over 75

Answer 23

6 times higher than middle-aged drivers.
They can have physical impairments which can result in longer reaction times and impaired vision
Difficulty handling situations with a lot of information (ex junction)

Question 24

What is the direct vision

Answer 24

in the entire field of vision, we see 1-2% with full clarity. It is the direct vision

Question 25

What is peripheral vision

Answer 25

it is 98-99% of what we see, which is not as focused, but can allow us to identify objects in motion. Impaires by tiredness, alcohol and drugs

Question 26

What is the visual acuity needed to drive

Answer 26

0.5 naturally or with glasses

Question 27

Exemples of optical illusions

Answer 27

car with only 1 functioning headlight can appear in the dark to be a motorcycle or a moped
Fog and snow storms can create illusions ex. direction of the road turn

Question 28

What is scanning?

Answer 28

How you read traffic situations. 
What you should do: 
-Active gaze: not fix on one object
-Further away gaze
-Eye contact with other road users.

Question 29

What can cause tunnel vision?

Answer 29

• high speed
• tiredness
• stress
• alcohol

Question 30

What can cause tunnel vision?

Answer 30

• high speed
• tiredness
• stress
• alcohol

Question 31

When are school transports turning on and off their lights?

Answer 31

100 meters before the drop-off and 100 meters after the drop-off and will remain on when the vehicle is stopped.