Chapter 5 Flashcards
What porcentage of road accidents are caused by tiredness?
20%
What are the signs of tiredness?
- optical illusion, double vision
- dry mouth
- yawning
- difficulty maintaining even speed
- feeling disengaged and mentally tired
- eyelids feels heavy
- neck muscles relax
- coldness
- microsleep
Where do single vehicle occur the most and what is the reason?
most common type of accident outside of build-up areas, many at dawn or when it is dark, partially due to tiredness
What to do if you are tired?
- powernap (20 min)
- cold air
- music
- walk
- coffee / energy drink
How much alcohol can make you go over the limit?
A single strong beer
What are the negative effects of alcohol?
- tiredness
- impaired judgment
- impaired peripheral vision
- overestimate your ability
- underestimate the risk of having an accident
- impaired coordination
- impaired perception of reality
- increased sensitivity to light
What day of the way is there the most deadly accident?
Saturdays. The lowest on mondays
Can alcohol metabolism be speeded up?
NO
What is the alcohol limit in Sweden?
0,2 per mille
What are the penalties for driving over the limit?
Over 0,2: drunk driving conviction. Fine and up to 6 months in prison. License can be revoked. If you caused an accident you can be guilty of aggravated drunk driving.
Over 1.0: aggravated drunk driving. Penalty is up to 2 years in prison and revocation of your driving license. If guilty of involuntary manslaughter, it can go up to 6 years in prison.
What is complicity in drunk driving?
- lending your car to someone under the influence
- providing alcohol to someone you know will drive
How does the alcolok work?
You can have that as a conditional license when driving the car it is fitted to. You have to use the breathanalyser. If you are under the influence, the license will be revoked.
You will need to have the alkolok inspected by a certified garage every month and go to the doctor every 3 months.
How many people die in alcohol-related accidents each year?
- 1 in 5 drivers
half of drivers between 15 and 24 are killed in single vehicle accidents related to alcohol
Alcohol is 50% of single vehicle accident deaths
Strong spirits and beer or wine equivalents
1 can light beer (50 cl, 3.5%) = 4.5 cl strong spirit
1 can of strong beer (50 cl, 5.6%) = 7 cl strong spirit
1 glass of red wine (18 cl, 12%) = 5.5 cl strong spirit
1/2 bottle red wine (37 cl, 12%) = 11 cl strong spirit
What are the 3 categories of narcotics
- Hallucinogens (marijuana, LSD) disort perception of reality
- Sedatives (morphine, heroin) increase the risk of falling asleep on the wheel
- Stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine) impair judgment, people overestimate their abilities, risk of collapse.
Laws and narcotics
Zero tolerance. As soon as the drug can be traced in your blood, you can be convicted of driving under the influence.
Hash or marijuana stay in th body for a longer time.
What reactions can be caused by stress?
- impaired ability to react
- Panic
- Minsinterpretation of your surroundings
- Difficulty thinking straight, mental tiredness
- confusion, feeling glassy-eyed
- Tunnel vision
- giving up, not trying to solve the situation
15% of all drivers are responsible for 50% of the accidents. Why?
personality traits and moral developement
What are the stages of moral development?
First stage: egoism
Second stage: begin to accept society and it’s obligations. you follow the rules
Third stage: realise the importance of helping out and contributing to society.
What are the negative personality traits?
- excuses: not my fault
- prestige-mindedness: person has to be the best. Ex risky overtake after being overtaken.
- impulsivness: act first and think later.
- Repression: unpleasent thought are ignored. Ex driving fast in slippery road conditions.
How long is the probationary period?
2 years.
What has research shown about young drivers?
-more tolerant to offences
-longer reaction time
-use rear-view mirror less
-more abrupt and jerky style of driving
-drive faster
focus more on stationary objects on the road than moving ones
-more competitive
- Risk of accident 6-7 times higher for drivers between 18-19
How much risk is it to have an accident for drivers over 75
6 times higher than middle-aged drivers.
They can have physical impairments which can result in longer reaction times and impaired vision
Difficulty handling situations with a lot of information (ex junction)
What is the direct vision
in the entire field of vision, we see 1-2% with full clarity. It is the direct vision
What is peripheral vision
it is 98-99% of what we see, which is not as focused, but can allow us to identify objects in motion. Impaires by tiredness, alcohol and drugs
What is the visual acuity needed to drive
0.5 naturally or with glasses
Exemples of optical illusions
car with only 1 functioning headlight can appear in the dark to be a motorcycle or a moped
Fog and snow storms can create illusions ex. direction of the road turn
What is scanning?
How you read traffic situations. What you should do: -Active gaze: not fix on one object -Further away gaze -Eye contact with other road users.
What can cause tunnel vision?
- high speed
- tiredness
- stress
- alcohol
What can cause tunnel vision?
- high speed
- tiredness
- stress
- alcohol
When are school transports turning on and off their lights?
100 meters before the drop-off and 100 meters after the drop-off and will remain on when the vehicle is stopped.
