Chapter 5 Flashcards
Describe Public health?
it refers particularly to the ways in which governments monitor, regulate and promote health status and prevent disease.
Describe Old Public Health?
government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease.
How did the old public health promote HW?
- prevented the spread of disease
- provided safe access to water
- better working conditions
- better sanitation and sewage disposal
- improved nutrition
- improved housing conditions
- improvements in LE and infant mortality
Describe Health Status in early 1900’s
Increased risk of infectious diseases due to
- poor air quality
- poor housing and inadequate environmental conditions
- lack of safe water and sanitation
- healthcare was expensive
- inadequate food storage
How has the old public health contributed to improvements in HS?
- Public health is responsible for a 27 year increase in life expectancy this century in Aus
- with improved living conditions, effective water and sewage supplies, improvements in food quality and health education, infection control measures, improved medical facilities and health promotion
Life expectancy has increased and disease rates have decreased.
Awareness of lifestyle diseases increased
How the introduction of vaccines improved HS?
- Since the introduction of vaccines deaths from vaccine preventable conditions have fallen by 99%, despite a three fold increase in Australia’s population
- this resulted in a massive reduction of morbidity and mortality from diseases such as smallpox and measles.
- Also contributed to the 27 year increase in life expectancy
Describe the BioM model?
The biomedical approach concentrates on the diagnosis, treatment and the cure of disease and works to return a person to pre illness state of HW.
Education on the behavioural and sociocultural factors that can improve health status are generally excluded.
What are the advantages of the BioM model?
Increases life Expectancy
- Many causes of death common in the past can now be treated and cured
Improves quality of life
- many chronic conditions can be managed with medication, therapy or surgery, improving level of health experienced by individual.
Enables common problems to be effectively treated
- Most people have a range medications over the cause of their life. These are often taken granted as they stop diseases that would otherwise develop and cause considerable ill health or death
What are the disadvantages of the BioM model?
It doesn’t always promote good HW
- The approach encourages a reliance on quick fix solutions to health issues, with a focus on the condition itself rather than the factors that caused it, and not encouraging people to be responsible for their own HW
Not every condition can be treated
- Those relying on this approach to restore optimal HW may experience conditions that cannot be cured or treated effectively.
Affordability
- Not all individuals can afford the medical technologies and resources that are apart of this approach. this is an important factor contributing to differences in health status b/w pop groups.
Describe the social model of Health?
An approach that recognises improvements in HW can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that still have an impact on individuals.
Developed in response to increases in preventable lifestyle related diseases such as CVD, T2 diabetes and Obesity.
identify the principles of the social model of health?
- Acts to reduce social inequalities
- Acts to enable access to healthcare
- Empowers individuals and communities
- Involves intersectional collaboration
- Addresses the broader determinants of health
What are the advantages of the social model of health?
It promotes good HW and assists in preventing diseases.
- because the model focuses on the broader factors of HW it can prevent conditions from developing in the first place therefore improving health status.
Education can be passed on from generation to generation
- This knowledge of enhancing overall HW can be passed on to future generations promoting sustainable improvements in health status.
It focuses on vulnerable people groups
- As it focuses on promoting equity, many disadvantaged groups are the target of health promotion campaigns
What are the disadvantages of the social model of health?
Not every condition can be prevented
- The causes of some conditions, mostly genetic can be very difficult to prevent
Health promotion messages may be ignored
- The social model of health relies on public health relies on public cooperation if people choose to ignore the health messages provided HW may not increase
Describe the Ottawa Charter
An approach to health developed by the WHO that aims to reduce inequalities in health.
Describe the strategies for health promotion by the Ottawa charter
Enable
- Health promotion aims to reduce differences in health status b/w pop groups by ensuring equal opportunities and resources are available to enable all people to achieve optimal HW
Advocate
- Advocacy for HW refers to actions that seek to gain support from gov and societies in general to make the changes necessary to improve the factors that influence HW for everyone
Mediate
- Mediating relates to helping groups resolve conflict and produce outcomes that promote HW
