Chapter 4: Variations between Australia's Health Status

Question 1

what are Biological factors?

Answer 1

Relate to the structure of cells, tissues and systems of the body and how adequately they function.

Question 2

What are Sociocultural factors?

Answer 2

Relate to the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age.

Question 3

What are Environmental factors?

Answer 3

Relate to the physical features surrounding us and our interaction with them

Question 4

What are the biological factors?

Answer 4

• blood pressure
• blood cholesterol
• glucose regulation
• genetics
• body weight
• birth weight

Question 5

What are the sociocultural factors?

Answer 5

• SES
• Unemployment
• access to healthcare
• early life experiences
• food security
• cultural norms
• social isolation
• social connections and social exclusion

Question 6

What are the environmental factors?

Answer 6

• housing
• work environment
• urban infrastructure and design
• climate and climate change

Question 7

list biological impacts on males

Answer 7

• higher rates of body mass index
• higher rates of hypertension
• impaired glucose regulation

Question 8

list socioeconomic impacts on males

Answer 8

• impacts of unemployment

- cultural influences and gender stereotypes

Question 9

list environmental impacts on males

Answer 9

• males often work in more dangerous environments

Question 10

how do these impacts affect health status of males?

Answer 10

• LE around four years less than females
• higher rates of burden of disease
• higher chance of death in every stage of the lifespan
• higher rates of injury
• higher rates of CVD, some cancers and diabetes
• lower rates of osteoporosis and arthritis
• less likely to experience very high levels of psychological distress

Question 11

list biological impacts on indigenous

Answer 11

• low birth weight
• hypertension
• impaired glucose regulation

Question 12

list sociocultural impacts on indigenous

Answer 12

• low SES status
• higher rates of unemployment
• lower levels of health literacy
• social exclusion, discrimination and racism

Question 13

list environmental impacts on indigenous

Answer 13

• poor quality and overcrowded housing
• poorer quality water and sanitation systems
• lack of access to healthcare facilities

Question 14

how do these impacts affect health status of indigenous?

Answer 14

• LE ten years less
• Higher mortality and burden of disease rates
• higher rates of injury
• higher rates of chronic conditions
• more likely to experience very high levels of psychological distress

Question 15

list biological impacts on low SES

Answer 15

• higher obesity rates
• higher rates of hypertension
• low birth weights

Question 16

list sociocultural impacts on low SES

Answer 16

• lower incomes, education levels and health literacy
• more likely to be unemployed
• less likely to access healthcare
• higher rates of social exclusion

Question 17

list environmental impacts on low SES

Answer 17

• greater proximity to fast food outlets
• poorer quality housing
• dangerous work environments

Question 18

how do these impacts affect health status of low SES?

Answer 18

• LE three years lower
• higher mortality rates
• higher rates of diabetes, disability, asthma, arthritis and mental health/behavioural issues and conditions

Question 19

list biological impacts on rural populations

Answer 19

• Higher rates of blood cholesterol
• Higher rates of High Body mass index
• higher rates of hypertension

Question 20

list sociocultural impacts on rural populations

Answer 20

• lower incomes and education levels
• higher rates of unemployment and social exclusion
• fewer healthcare professionals

Question 21

list environmental impacts on rural populations

Answer 21

• poorer road quality and greater driving distances

- reduced proximity to resources such as healthcare, transport, recreational facilities

Question 22

how do these impacts affect health status of rural populations?

Answer 22

• higher mortality rates
• higher rates of diabetes, mental health issues and dental decay
• lower LE