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Psych 102 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is consciousness?

A

Our subjective experience of the world, our bodies, and our mental perspectives

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2
Q

What are alterations of consciousness?

A

Sleep paralysis, out of body, near death, and mystical experiences

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3
Q

What is our circadian rhythm?

A

Cyclical biological changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis in many of our biological processes

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4
Q

How much sleep should each age have?

A

Newborns - 16 hours
School aged children - 13 hours
College - 9 hours
Adults - 7-10 hours

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5
Q

What are negative consequences of sleep deprivation?

A

Weight gain
Depression
Cardiovascular issues
Decreased immune system

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6
Q

What is stage 1?

A

5-10 mins, Dream-like state. Not awake, not asleep

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7
Q

What is stage 2?

A

10-30 mins; sleep spindles and K-complexes

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8
Q

What is stage 3 and 4?

A

15-30 mins; crucial to feel rested

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9
Q

What is stage 5?

A

10-20 mins; REM sleep; brain activity similar to wakefulness

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10
Q

What are NREM dreams?

A

Shorter; more thought-like; concerned with daily tasks

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11
Q

What are REM dreams?

A

Emotional, illogical; prone to plot shifts

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12
Q

What is lucid dreaming?

A

When you know that a dream is a dream

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13
Q

What is the most common sleep disorder?

A

Insomnia; difficulty going to, staying asleep, or early waking

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14
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Rapid and unexpected onset of sleep; due to lack of orexin production

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15
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

May wake briefly hundreds of times during the nights; caused by the blockage of the airway during sleep

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16
Q

What are night terrors?

A

Sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring, and confusion followed by a return to a deep sleep

17
Q

Why do we dream?

A

Processing emotional memories;
Integrating new experiences with established memories;
Learning new strategies and ways of doing things;
Simulating threatening events so we can better cope with them in everyday life;
Reorganizing and consolidating memories

18
Q

What is Freud’s dream protection theory?

A

Dreams transform our sexual and aggressive instincts into symbols that represent wish fulfillment

19
Q

What is manifest?

A

Actual dream; what we see; ex) getting a flat tire

20
Q

What is latent content?

A

What the dream actually represents; ex) anxiety over loss of status at job

21
Q

What is activation-synthesis theory?

A

Dreams reflect the brain’s attempt to make sense of random and internally generated neural signals during REM

22
Q

What is the neurocognitive theory?

A

Dreams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about

23
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Realistic perceptual experiences in the absence of external stimuli

24
Q

What are out-of-body experiences?

A

Sense that our consciousness has left our body; vivid fantasies, lucid dreams, hallucinations

25
Q

What is deja vu?

A

Feeling of reliving an experience that is actually new; due to excess dopamine or small seizures in temporal lobe

26
Q

What are mystical experiences?

A

Sense of unity or oneness with the world

27
Q

What is hypnosis?

A

A set of techniques that provides people with suggestions for alterations in perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

28
Q

What is sociocognitive theory?

A

A person’s approach to hypnosis is based on their attitudes, beliefs, and experiences

29
Q

What is dissociation theory?

A

Hypnosis is based on a separation b/t personality functions that are normally well integrated

30
Q

What is substance abuse?

A

Recurrent problems associated w/ use of the drug

31
Q

What is substance dependence?

A

Serious, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

32
Q

What are depressants?

A

Alcohol and sedative-hypnotics which depress the effects of the CNS; slow down nervous system and mental processes

33
Q

What are sedative-hypnotics?

A

Prescribed to assist w/ anxiety or insomnia

34
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Rev up the CNS, increasing heart-rate, respiration, and blood pressure

35
Q

What is cocaine?

A

Most powerful natural stimulant; reports of euphoria, enhanced mental and physical capacity, a decrease in hunger

36
Q

What are narcotics?

A

Opiates, derived from opium poppy, relieve pain and induce sleep

37
Q

What are psychedelics?

A

Hallucinogenics which produce dramatic alterations in perception, mood and thought

38
Q

What is LCD?

A

ACID; produces feelings of clear thought and changes in sensation and perception

39
Q

What is ecstasy?

A

Causes release of huge amounts of serotonin causing sense of well-being, self-confidence and empathy for others

Psych 102 (7 decks)

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