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Hazmat > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

ongoing evaluation of influential factors at the scene of an incident

A

size-up

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2
Q

general pattern that describes how a hazardous material and its container is likely to behave in any given situation

A

General Emergency Behavior Model

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3
Q

the container undergoes physical, thermal, or other types of damage that reduce its ability to function and leads to breach or failure

A

stress

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4
Q

the container becomes open to the environment.

A

breach

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5
Q

when a container breaches or fails, contents, stored energy, and pieces of the container may be expelled into the environment

A

release

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6
Q

when hazardous materials inside the container and any stored energy release and move away from the container.

A

dispersion/engulf

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7
Q

anything that is in the area of the release is exposed to the hazardous material

A

exposure/contact

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8
Q

container stress is caused by ___________, __________ or ____________ energy

A

thermal, chemical, mechanical

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9
Q

____________ may increase internal pressure and reduce shell integrity of container

A

thermal stress

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10
Q

uncontrolled reactions/interactions of the container and its contents

A

chemical energy

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11
Q

physical application of energy could result in container/attachment damage

A

mechanical energy

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12
Q

according to DOT records, from 2006-2014, nearly ______ of all reported hazmat incidents were attributed to container failure

A

41%

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13
Q

a container’s design strength or ability to hold contents at pressure

A

limits of recovery

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14
Q

occurs in containers made of brittle material

A

disintegration

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15
Q

breaks the container into two or more relatively large pieces

A

runaway cracking

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16
Q

runaway cracking often occurs in _______________

A

closed containers

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17
Q

runaway linear cracking is commonly associated with

A

BLEVE’s

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18
Q

occurs when foreign objects penetrate through a container

A

puncture

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19
Q

instantaneous and explosive release of stored chemical energy of a hazardous material

A

detonation

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20
Q

immediate release of chemical or mechanical energy caused by runaway cracks

A

violent rupture

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21
Q

fast release of pressurized hazardous material through properly opening safety devices

A

rapid relief

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22
Q

slow release of a hazardous material under atmospheric or head pressure

A

spill/leak

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23
Q

pressure exerted by a stationary column of water, directly proportional to the height of the column

A

head pressure

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24
Q

the outline of the dispersing hazardous material

A

dispersing pattern

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25
Q

semicircular or dome-shaped pattern of airborne hazardous material that is still partially in contact with the ground or water

A

hemispheric

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26
Q

a hemispheric release generally results from the _______ release of energy.

A

rapid

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27
Q

energy generally travels __________ in all directions from the point of the release

A

outward

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28
Q

energy release from large container parts generally travel _________ with the long axis of the container

A

in line

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29
Q

ball shaped pattern of the airborne hazardous material that collectively rises above the ground or water

A

cloud

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30
Q

terrain an/or wind can transform cloud into a ________

A

plume

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31
Q

irregularly shaped pattern of airborne hazardous material where wind and/or topography influence the downrange course from the point of release

A

plume

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32
Q

triangular-shaped pattern of a hazardous material with a point source at the breach and a wide base downrange

A

cone

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33
Q

surface-flowing pattern of liquid hazardous material that is affected by gravity and topographical contours

A

stream

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34
Q

three-dimensional slow flowing liquid dispersion

A

pool

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35
Q

indiscriminate deposit of a hazardous material such as that carried by contaminated responders

A

irregular

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36
Q

contacts (Impingements) time frame: milliseconds, seconds

A

immediate

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37
Q

contacts (Impingements) minutes, hours

A

short term

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38
Q

contacts (Impingements) days, weeks, months

A

medium term

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39
Q

contacts (Impingements) years, generations

A

long term

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40
Q

3 mechanisms of harm in a hazardous materials release

A

energy release
corrosively
toxicity

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41
Q

common measurement for pressure in English

A

psi

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42
Q

force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere at the surface of the earth

A

atmospheric pressure

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43
Q

atmospheric pressure at sea level is

A

14.7 psi

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44
Q

common way to measure atmospheric pressure is by using a column of ______________

A

mercury

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45
Q

unit of pressure relative to the surrounding atmosphere

A

pressure at gauge

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46
Q

pressure containers carry ___________ or _________

A

gases, liquids

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47
Q

thermal stressor on pressure container. exposure to heat or flame can cause container to _________

A

BLEVE

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48
Q

chemical stressor on pressure container, pressure can increase by the ___________ of the contents

A

reaction

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49
Q

mechanical stressor on pressure container. accidents can cause stress, especially to container _________

A

fittings

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50
Q

releases from pressure containers are most common through ______________ and ____________

A

pressure relief devices, damaged fittings

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51
Q

engineered valve or other device used to control or limit the pressure in system or vessel by venting

A

pressure relief device

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52
Q

bulk storage pressure tanks have pressures of ______ or greater

A

15psi

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53
Q

2 types of bulk storage pressure containers

A

spherical and horizontal

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54
Q

___________ storage tanks have pressures of 15psi or greater with capacities from 300 to 400,000 gallons

A

cryogenic

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55
Q

Low pressure storage tanks have operating pressures from ___ to _______

A

0.5 - 15psi

56
Q

Dome roof tanks, Spheroid tanks, and Noded spheroid tanks are all types of

A

low pressure storage tanks

57
Q

priority is _________________ at incidents involving low pressure storage tanks

A

eliminating ignition sources

58
Q

maximum pressure under which atmospheric tanks are capable of holding its contents is _______

A

0.5psi

59
Q

Horizontal tanks, ordinary cone roof tanks, open and closed roof floating-roof tanks, lifter roof tanks, and vapordome roof tanks are all examples of …..

A

atmospheric storage tanks

60
Q

treat interiors of bulk nonpressure/atmospheric storage tanks as _______________

A

confined spaces

61
Q

horizontal pressure tanks have capacities from _______ to ___________ gallons

A

500, 40000

62
Q

spherical pressure vessel has capacities up to _______________ gallons

A

600,000

63
Q

_________ commonly transport bulk amounts of hazardous materials via roadway

A

cargo tank trucks

64
Q

cargo tank specification and name plates provide information about the standards to which the container/tank was built and are usually found on either side near the

A

dolly leg

65
Q

two specifications used in cargo trucks are the _______ and ________

A

MC, DOT/TC

66
Q

circumferential tank shell stiffener that helps to maintain the tank cross section

A

ring stiffener

67
Q

tanks not constructed to meet one of the common MC or DOT/TC specifications are commonly referred to as

A

nonspec tanks

68
Q

nonspec tanks may haul ___________ hazardous materials

A

nonregulated

69
Q

examples of nonregulated hazardous materials (3)

A

molten Sulphur
asphalt
milk

70
Q

high pressure tank trucks are also known as _________ cargo tanks

A

MC-331

71
Q

high pressure tank trucks have pressures typically between _______ to _________ psi.

A

100-500

72
Q

high pressure tank trucks typically have capacities between ________ to _________ gallons

A

300-11000

73
Q

______________ transport liquified gases, such as propane, anhydrous ammonia, and butane or high vapor pressure liquids and highly hazardous materials such as parathion

A

high pressure tank trucks

74
Q

cryogenic tank trucks are also know at _________ cargo tanks

A

MC-338

75
Q

cryogenic tank trucks have pressures that can be less than _____ and up to ______ psi.

A

25, 500

76
Q

capacities for cryogenic tank trucks are ________ to ____________ gallons

A

8000, 10000

77
Q

cryogenic tank trucks carry the following gases that have been liquified which lowers their temperature (4)

A

liquified oxygen
liquified nitrogen
liquified carbon dioxide
liquified hydrogen

78
Q

low pressure chemical tank trucks are also known as _________ or _________ cargo tanks

A

MC-307, DOT-407

79
Q

low pressure chemical tank trucks typically have pressures of _______ to ________ psi.

A

25, 35

80
Q

capacities of low pressure chemical tank trucks are from ________ to _________ gallons

A

5500, 7000

81
Q

nonpressure cargo tank trucks are also known as _________ or ___________ cargo tanks

A

MC-306, DOT-406

82
Q

nonpressure cargo tank typical pressure in less than _______ psi.

A

4

83
Q

maximum capacity of nonpressure cargo tanks is __________ gallons

A

14000

84
Q

typical capacity range for nonpressure cargo tanks is _________ to __________ gallons

A

1500, 10000

85
Q

corrosive liquid tank trucks are also know as __________ or _________ cargo trucks

A

MC-312, DOT-412

86
Q

corrosive liquid tank trucks typically have a pressure range from ______ to ________ psi

A

35 - 55

87
Q

typical tank capacities for corrosive liquid tank trucks is ________ to ___________ gallons

A

3300 - 6300

88
Q

pressure that the weakest part of the vessel or container can safely maintain

A

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure

89
Q

compressed-gas tube trailers have typical pressures in each tube from _________ to _________ psi

A

2400, 5000

90
Q

tank cars carry the bulk of hazardous materials transported by _________

A

rail

91
Q

railroad tank cars have capacities of __________ to ___________ gallons

A

4000-34000

92
Q

3 main categories of railroad tank cars

A

low pressure
pressure
cryogenic

93
Q

____________ typically transport flammable, nonflammable, and poisonous gases via the railroad at pressures greater than 25psi at ________.

A

pressure tank cars, 68°F

94
Q

pressure tank cars test pressures range from ________ to _________ psi

A

100-600

95
Q

pressure tank car capacities range from ___________ to ___________ gallons

A

4000-34000

96
Q

Per ERG, the initial isolation distance for a pressure tank car fire is __________

A

1 mile

97
Q

the combination of insulation and vacuum protects the contents of a cryogenic tank car from ambient temperatures for only _______ days

A

30

98
Q

Per ERG, initial isolation zone for a cryogenic liquid tank car is _________

A

1\2 mile

99
Q

___________ transport hazardous and nonhazardous solids and liquids with vapor pressure below 25psi at __________ to __________.

A

Low pressure tank cars, 105°, 115°

100
Q

tank test pressures for low pressure tank cars are ______ to _______ psi

A

60-100

101
Q

capacities for low pressure tank cars range from ___________ to __________ gallons

A

4000-34000

102
Q

trains that have a continuous block of twenty or more tank cars loaded with flammable liquid or thirty-five or more cars loaded with flammable liquid dispersed through a train

A

High Hazard Flammable Train

103
Q

____________ tank car is a low pressure car that has all fitting enclosed in a protective housing similar to pressure tank cars

A

DOT-111

104
Q

pressure ratings while unloading pneumatically unloaded hopper cars range from ________ to ________ psi

A

20,80

105
Q

combo of letters and numbers stenciled on rail tank cars that may be used to get info about the car’s contents from the railroad’s computer or the shipper

A

Railcar Initials and Numbers (on left side of car)

106
Q

rail tank car that is specked to meet particular parameters unique to the product

A

dedicated tank car

107
Q

number stenciled on the exterior of a tank car to indicate the volume of the tank

A

capacity stencil

108
Q

______________ indicates the standards to which the tank car was built

A

specification marking (on right side of car)

109
Q

freight containers designed to be used interchangeable in two or more modes of transport

A

intermodal containers

110
Q

common sizes of freight containers (5)

A 
20
40
45
48
53
111
Q

intermodal tank containers usually do not exceed __________ gallons

A

6340

112
Q

a pressure intermodal container in transport is classified by DOT as a __________

A

Spec 51

113
Q

a pressure intermodal container is designed for maximum allowable working pressures of ______ to ________ psi

A

100,500

114
Q

___________ is the most common intermodal tank used in transportation

A

Low pressure

115
Q

Low pressure intermodal tanks can have pressures as high as _________ psi

A

100

116
Q

________ portable tanks are built to withstand MAWP of 24.5 to 100 psi

A

IM 101

117
Q

________ portable tanks are built to withstand MAWP of 14.5 to 25.4

A

IM 102

118
Q

intermodal containers carrying _______________ must have proper shipping names stenciled on two sides

A

hazardous materials

119
Q

these containers are typically 7 feet long, 2 feet in diameter, have a wall thickness of about 0.6 inches and when empty weigh about 1200 lbs.

A

Y cylinders

120
Q

y cylinders have a water capacity of approximately ___________ gallons

A

120

121
Q

y cylinder classification of a seamless steel cylinder with a water capacity of not over 1000lbs and a service pressure of at least 150 psig

A

DOT/TC - 3AA

122
Q

y cylinder classification of a seamless steel cylinder with a water capacity of not less than 1000lbs and a service pressure of at least 500psig

A

DOT/TC- 3AAX

123
Q

container used for transportation of materials that have a very limited radioactivity

A

excepted

124
Q

radioactive packaging that retains and protects its contents during normal transportation activities

A

industrial

125
Q

radioactive packaging that protects its contents and maintains sufficient shielding under conditions normally encountered during transportation

A

type A

126
Q

radioactive packaging designed to withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents

A

type B

127
Q

radioactive packaging used for high activity materials (plutonium) transported by aircraft

A

type C

128
Q

as of 2015, there are __________ miles of pipeline in North America

A

2.5 million

129
Q

Rigid intermediate bulk containers may have capacities up to _________ gallons and pressures up to _______ psi

A

400, 100

130
Q

large glass or plastic bottle encased in basket or box, primarily used for corrosive liquids

A

carboy

131
Q

a rectangular plastic carboy

A

jerrican

132
Q

pressure vessel designed for pressures higher than

A

40 psi

133
Q

flat ended or convex ended cylindrical packaging

A

drum

134
Q

drums can range up to ________ gallons, but _______ gallons is most common

A

119, 55

135
Q

nonpressurized, insulated container that has a vacuum space between the outer shell and inner vessel

A

dewar flast

Hazmat (11 decks)

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