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Hazmat > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Any substance or material that poses an unreasonable risk to health, safety, property, and/or the environment if it is not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, use, disposal, or transportation.

A

Hazardous material

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2
Q

substances that possess harmful characteristics

A

hazardous materials

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3
Q

CBRNE

A

chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive

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4
Q

a hazardous material/WMD incident is an emergency involving a substance that poses an unreasonable risk to _______, the ___________, and/or ___________

A

people, environment, property

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5
Q

Any weapon or device that is intended or has the capability to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals etc….

A

WMD

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6
Q 
Human Error
Mechanical breakdowns/Malfunctions
Container failures
transportation accidents
deliberate acts
A

causes of hazmat incidents

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7
Q

______ _______ are often more complicated than other types of emergency incidents

A

hazmat incidents

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8
Q

To cause to become less harsh or hostile, to make less severe, intense or painful, or to alleviate

A

mitigate

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9
Q

Standard for hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction emergency response personnel professional qualifications

A

NFPA 1072

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10
Q

Standard for competence of responders to hazardous materials/WMD incidents

A

NFPA 472

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11
Q

Standard for competencies for EMS personnel responding to hazardous materials/WMD incidents

A

NFPA 473

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12
Q

Individuals who train to meet NFPA 1072 will meet or exceed ________ requirements for awareness, operations, and technician

A

OSHA

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13
Q

OSHA specific training standards for hazmat responders are laid out in

A

Title 29, 1910.120

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14
Q

Lowest level of training established by NFPA. limited defensive actions.

A

Awareness Level

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15
Q

Level of training allowing first responders to take defensive actions at hazmat incidents

A

Operations Level

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16
Q

Level of training allowing limited offensive actions. might include using specialized equipment and might come into contact with hazmat

A

Operations Mission - Specific

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17
Q

4 step process to guide responders actions at a hazmat incident

A 
APIE
A-analyze
P-plan
I-implement
E-evaluate
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18
Q

These personnel may be the first to arrive at or witness a hazmat incident

A

Awareness Level

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19
Q

perception of the surrounding environment and the ability to anticipate future events

A

situational awareness

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20
Q

standard methods or rules in which an organization or fire department operates

A

Standard Operation Procedures

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21
Q
  1. communicate information to appropriate authority
  2. initiate protective actions to protect themselves and others from the hazard
  3. isolate the hazardous area and deny entry
A

awareness level

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22
Q

awareness level responsibilities

A

Transmit, Protect, Isolate

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23
Q

Protect individuals, the environment, and property from the effects of a hazmat release in a primarily defensive manner

A

Operations level

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24
Q
  1. Identify the potential hazards involved if possible
  2. identify response options
  3. implement the planned response to mitigate or control a release from a safe distance
  4. evaluate the progress of the actions
A

Operations level

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25
Q

OSHA recognizes that responders at the Operations level can perform offensive operations involving flammable liquid and gas fire control of the following materials:

A

Gas, Diesel, Natural Gas, Propane (LPG)

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26
Q

At Ops level, responders should be able to identify:

A
  1. type of container involved
  2. hazardous material involved
  3. hazards presented by the material
  4. potential behavior of the material
27
Q
  1. Establish incident management system
  2. establish scene control
  3. implement protective actions such as evacuation
A

Operations level responders

28
Q

Condition, substance, or device that an directly cause injury or loss; the source of a risk

A

Hazard

29
Q

characterized by sharpness or severity; having rapid onset and a relatively short duration

A

accute

30
Q

marked by long duration; recurring over a period of timre

A

chronic

31
Q

health effects that occur or develop rapidly after exposure to a hazardous substance

A

accuse health effects

32
Q

long term health effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous substance

A

chronic health effects

33
Q

pathways by which hazardous materials get into or affect the human body

A

routes of entry

34
Q

most common exposure route

A

Inhalation

35
Q

Routes of Entry (4)

A
  1. Inhalation
  2. Ingestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Injection
36
Q

Hazmat incident’s 3 primary mechanisms of harm

A
  1. Energy Release
  2. Corrosivity
  3. Toxicity
37
Q

Types of harm (TRACEM)

A
  1. Thermal
  2. Radiological
  3. Asphyxiation
  4. Chemical
  5. Etiological/biological
  6. Mechanical
38
Q

______ ________ at hazmat incidents present the greatest threat

A

Energy Release

39
Q

Sudden release of heat energy

A

Exothermal Reactions

40
Q

Form of energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules in solids or liquids that is transferred from one body to another as a result of a temperature difference between the bodies

A

Heat

41
Q

Energy possessed by objects due to their position or motion, the sum of potential and kinetic energy

A

Mechanical Energy

42
Q

Force per unit area exerted by al liquid or gas measured in pounds per square inch or kilopascals

A

Pressure

43
Q

Form of energy resulting from the presence and flow of charged particles

A

Electricity

44
Q

potential energy stored in the internal structure of a material that may be released during a chemical reaction of transformation

A

Chemical Energy

45
Q

Energy from a radioactive source emitted in the form of waves or particles, as a result of the decay of an atomic nucleus

A

Radiation

46
Q

Capable of causing damage by gradually eroding, rusting, or destroying a material

A

Corrosive

47
Q

Poisonous

A

Toxic

48
Q

Simplest type of microorganism that can only replicate itself the living cells of its hosts.

A

Virus

49
Q

6 types of energy release

A
  1. Heat
  2. Mechanical
  3. Pressure
  4. Electricity
  5. Chemical
  6. Radiation
50
Q

With the exception of liquid and gas fuels, ________ comprise the largest usage class in industry

A

corrosives

51
Q

Chemicals or biological substances that cause sickness, illness, or injury by doing damage on the molecular scale when in contact with the body are considered ______

A

Toxic

52
Q

Microscopic single celled organism

A

bacteria

53
Q

substance that has the property of being poisonous

A

toxin

54
Q

In ______, fire service professionals requested inclusion of emergency responders in the provisions of (SARA)

A

1986

55
Q

What is SARA

A

Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act

56
Q

In the U.S., the four main agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous materials and/or waste at the federal lever are:

A
  1. Department of Transportation (DOT) Title 49
  2. Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA) Title 40
  3. Department of Labor (DOL) Title 29 (OSHA)
  4. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Title 10
57
Q

Manages the national nuclear research and defense programs

A

Department of Energy

58
Q

Prevent terrorist attacks, reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorist attacks, minimize damage of potential attacks

A

Department of Homeland Security

59
Q

Provides oversight of the development, manufacture, testing, maintenance, demilitarization, handling, transportation, and storage of explosives

A

Department of Defense Explosive Safety Board

60
Q

Alcohol, tobacco, firearms, explosives, and arson

A

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms

Department of Treasury

61
Q

Assigns responsibility for responding to acts of terror within the US to the FBI

A

Department of Justice

62
Q

3 Hazmat duties of the FBI

A
  1. Investigate the theft of hazardous materials
  2. collects evidence for crime
  3. prosecutes criminal violations of federal hazardous materials laws and regulations
63
Q

Many Hazmat incidents occur while materials are being _________

A

transported

64
Q

Most transportation hazmat incidences occur while being transported via the ____________

A

highway

Hazmat (11 decks)

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