Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

devices that measure ______________, measure materials that responders might inhale

A

concentrations

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2
Q

devices that measure ____________, measure materials that may enter responders’ bodies via a means other than inhalation

A

dosage

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3
Q

maximum length of time an individual can be exposed to an airborne substance before injury, illness, or death ocurs

A

exposure limit

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4
Q

quantity of a material in relation to a larger volume of gas or liquid

A

concentration

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5
Q

may describe the concentration of a gas or vapor in the air or the concentration of a specific material in a liquid or solid

A

parts per million. PPM

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6
Q

concentration that can be tolerated during an 8 hour work day

A

threshold limit value

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7
Q

concentration that can be tolerated for 15 minutes at a time, provided an appropriate interval between exposures

A

short-term exposure limit

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8
Q

concentration that should not be exceeded during an 8 hour workday

A

threshold limit value - ceiling

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9
Q

concentration at which most people are not adversely affected

A

permissible exposure limit

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10
Q

concentrations high enough to kill or cause serious injury or illness

A

IDLH

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11
Q

hazardous materials incidents will always require _________ and __________________

A

size up, risk assessment

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12
Q

response to known or unknown chemicals or products that will trigger some action

A

action levels

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13
Q

at releases involving unknown hazards, a responder’s first priority is to monitor for _____.

A

pH

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14
Q

water molecule with an extra hydrogen ion.(acid)

A

hydronium

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15
Q

water molecule missing a hydrogen ion (base)

A

hydroxide

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16
Q

the concentration of ___________ and ____________ ions in a solution determines the solutions pH.

A

hydronium, hydroxide

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17
Q

pH scale ranges from ___________.

A

0-14

18
Q

a pH of ________ is neutral

A

7

19
Q

__________ substances have excess hydronium ions and a pH of less than 7

A

acidic

20
Q

__________ substances have excess hydroxide ions and a pH of greater than 7

A

base

21
Q

as pH levels increase above 7, compounds become more ____________

A

alkaline

22
Q

as pH levels decrease below 7, compounds become more ____________

A

acidic

23
Q

acidic and base solutions usually consist of chemicals dissolved in __________

A

water

24
Q

pH paper that is striped or bleached my indicate the presence of ___________ and __________ __________

A

oxidizers, organic peroxides

25
Q

______ pH paper is slow to react to atmospheric conditions, or it may not react at all

A

dry

26
Q

of all the chemical elements, __________ is the most reactive

A

fluorine

27
Q

typically, LEL meters will sound an alarm at _______ of the LEL of the calibration gas

A

10%

28
Q

use ___________ __________ starch papers to test the oxidizing potential of unknown chemicals

A

potassium iodide

29
Q

below _______ oxygen, the atmosphere is considered oxygen deficient and IDLH

A

19.5%

30
Q

the atmosphere is considered oxygen enriched at concentrations above ________

A

23.5%

31
Q

normal air contains _______ oxygen, _______ nitrogen, and _______ other gases

A

20.9%
78.1%
1%

32
Q

a one percent drop in oxygen is equivalent to __________ ppm of something else in the air.

A

50,000

33
Q

large amounts of radiation exposure are usually expressed in ________

A

rem

34
Q

smaller amounts of radiation exposure may be described in _________

A

millirem

35
Q

only measure exposure to gamma and X-ray radiation

A

Roentgen

36
Q

________ expresses the amount of radiation energy absorbed by a material

A

RAD

37
Q

_______ expresses the absorbed dose equivalence as pertaining to a human body

A

rem (roentgen equivalent in man)

38
Q

common example of gas filled radiation detector is ______________

A

Geiger-Mueller Tubes

39
Q

indicates the minimum amount of solid or liquid that when ingested, absorbed, or injected through the skin will cause death

A

lethal dose

40
Q

indicates the minimum concentration of an inhaled substance in the gaseous state that will kill the test group

A

lethal concentration