Chapter 11 Flashcards
devices that measure ______________, measure materials that responders might inhale
concentrations
devices that measure ____________, measure materials that may enter responders’ bodies via a means other than inhalation
dosage
maximum length of time an individual can be exposed to an airborne substance before injury, illness, or death ocurs
exposure limit
quantity of a material in relation to a larger volume of gas or liquid
concentration
may describe the concentration of a gas or vapor in the air or the concentration of a specific material in a liquid or solid
parts per million. PPM
concentration that can be tolerated during an 8 hour work day
threshold limit value
concentration that can be tolerated for 15 minutes at a time, provided an appropriate interval between exposures
short-term exposure limit
concentration that should not be exceeded during an 8 hour workday
threshold limit value - ceiling
concentration at which most people are not adversely affected
permissible exposure limit
concentrations high enough to kill or cause serious injury or illness
IDLH
hazardous materials incidents will always require _________ and __________________
size up, risk assessment
response to known or unknown chemicals or products that will trigger some action
action levels
at releases involving unknown hazards, a responder’s first priority is to monitor for _____.
pH
water molecule with an extra hydrogen ion.(acid)
hydronium
water molecule missing a hydrogen ion (base)
hydroxide
the concentration of ___________ and ____________ ions in a solution determines the solutions pH.
hydronium, hydroxide
pH scale ranges from ___________.
0-14
a pH of ________ is neutral
7
__________ substances have excess hydronium ions and a pH of less than 7
acidic
__________ substances have excess hydroxide ions and a pH of greater than 7
base
as pH levels increase above 7, compounds become more ____________
alkaline
as pH levels decrease below 7, compounds become more ____________
acidic
acidic and base solutions usually consist of chemicals dissolved in __________
water
pH paper that is striped or bleached my indicate the presence of ___________ and __________ __________
oxidizers, organic peroxides
______ pH paper is slow to react to atmospheric conditions, or it may not react at all
dry
of all the chemical elements, __________ is the most reactive
fluorine
typically, LEL meters will sound an alarm at _______ of the LEL of the calibration gas
10%
use ___________ __________ starch papers to test the oxidizing potential of unknown chemicals
potassium iodide
below _______ oxygen, the atmosphere is considered oxygen deficient and IDLH
19.5%
the atmosphere is considered oxygen enriched at concentrations above ________
23.5%
normal air contains _______ oxygen, _______ nitrogen, and _______ other gases
20.9%
78.1%
1%
a one percent drop in oxygen is equivalent to __________ ppm of something else in the air.
50,000
large amounts of radiation exposure are usually expressed in ________
rem
smaller amounts of radiation exposure may be described in _________
millirem
only measure exposure to gamma and X-ray radiation
Roentgen
________ expresses the amount of radiation energy absorbed by a material
RAD
_______ expresses the absorbed dose equivalence as pertaining to a human body
rem (roentgen equivalent in man)
common example of gas filled radiation detector is ______________
Geiger-Mueller Tubes
indicates the minimum amount of solid or liquid that when ingested, absorbed, or injected through the skin will cause death
lethal dose
indicates the minimum concentration of an inhaled substance in the gaseous state that will kill the test group
lethal concentration
