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Hazmat > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

matter is found in 3 states

A

Gas, Liquid, Solid

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2
Q

a hazardous material’s state of matter determines…

A

how mobile the material will become

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3
Q

compressible substance, with no specific volume, that tends to assume the shape of a container. molecules move about most rapidly in this state

A

Gas

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4
Q

incompressible substance with a constant volume that assumes the shape of its container; molecules flow freely, but substantial cohesion prevents them from expanding as a gas would

A

liquid

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5
Q

substance that has a definite shape and size; the molecules of a solid generally have very little mobility.

A

solid

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6
Q

ERG isolation distance of a solid

A

75 ft

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7
Q

ERG isolation distance of a liquid

A

150 ft

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8
Q

ERG isolation distance of a gas

A

330 ft

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9
Q

solid particle that is formed or generated from solid organic or inorganic materials by reducing its size through mechanical processes, such as crushing, grinding, drilling, abrading, or blasting.

A

dust

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10
Q

suspension of particles that form when material from a volatilized solid condenses in cool air.

A

fume

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11
Q

finely divided liquid suspended in the atmosphere

A

mist

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12
Q

form of pressurized mist characterized by highly respirable, minute liquid or solid particles.

A

aerosol

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13
Q

solid particle whose length is several times greater than its diameter is formed by a disruption of the natural state.

A

fiber

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14
Q

gaseous form of a material that is normally in a solid or liquid state at room temperature and pressure.

A

vapor

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15
Q

visible aerosol of a liquid formed by condensation.

A

fog

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16
Q

incidents involving gases are potentially the most _____________ for emergency responders

A

dangerous

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17
Q

gas that, at normal temperature, exists solely as a gas when pressurized in a container

A

compressed gas

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18
Q

confined gas that at normal temperatures exists in both liquid and gaseous states

A

liquified gas

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19
Q

gases may have pressures as high as _________ such as liquid helium

A

15000 psi

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20
Q

materials kept under pressure and/or temperatures higher or lower than ambient conditions may….

A

change state upon release

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21
Q

the ration that gas will expand

A

expansion ratio

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22
Q

unit of measure typically used to express particle size

A

micron

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23
Q

characteristics of a material that do not involve the chemistry or chemical nature of the material

A

physical properties

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24
Q

pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container.

A

vapor pressure

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25
Q

materials with a vapor pressure over _________ will be gases under normal conditions

A

760 mmHg

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26
Q

in vapor pressure, gases rise above the liquid and exerts a _____________ pressure

A

downward

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27
Q

__________ is the baseline measurement for pressure

A

atmospheric pressure

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28
Q

the lower the boiling point of a liquid the ________ its vapor pressure will be

A

higher

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29
Q

BLEVE

A

boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion

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30
Q

temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure

A

melting point

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31
Q

temp at which liquid becomes a solid

A

freezing point

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32
Q

changing directly from solid to gas without ever going into a liquid state

A

sublimate

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33
Q

weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure

A

vapor density

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34
Q

percentage of a material (by weight) that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature

A

solubility

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35
Q

when a water soluble liquid combines with water, the two liquids mix.

A

polar solvent

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36
Q

two or more liquids’ capability to mix together

A

miscibility

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37
Q

incapable of being mixed or blended with another substance

A

immiscible

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38
Q

ratio of the density of a material to the density of a standard material, usually an equal volume of water, at standard conditions of pressure and temperature

A

specific gravity

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39
Q

a chemicals ability to remain in the environment

A

persistence

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40
Q

measure of the thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given temperature

A

viscosity

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41
Q

chemical nature of a material and the behaviors and interactions that occur at a molecular level

A

chemical properties

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42
Q

most hazardous materials incidents involve

A

flammable materials

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43
Q

minimum temp at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off sufficient vapors at its LEL to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface

A

flash point

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44
Q

temp at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off enough vapors to support continuous burning

A

fire point

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45
Q

any liquid with a flashpoint below 100° F

A

flammable liquid

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46
Q

any liquid having a flash point at or above 100°F and below 200°F

A

combustible liquid

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47
Q

incapable of combustion under normal circumstances. normally used when referring to liquids or gases.

A

nonflammable

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48
Q

lowest temp at which a combustible material ignites in air without a spark or flame

A

autoignition temperature

49
Q

minimum temperature to which a fuel, other than a liquid, in air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion independent of the heating source

A

ignition temperature

50
Q

autoignition temp of gasoline is

A

536°F

51
Q

flash point of gasoline is

A

-45°F

52
Q

percentage of the gas or vapor concentration in the air that will burn or explode if ignited

A

flammable, explosive, or combustible range

53
Q

lower limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite and support combustion

A

lower flammable limit or lower explosive limit

54
Q

upper limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite

A

upper flammable limit or upper explosive limit

55
Q

alkalis or caustics are an example of

A

bases

56
Q

measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

A

pH

57
Q

any chemical that ionizes to yield hydrogen ions

A

acid

58
Q

pH values of 0 - 6.9

A

acids

59
Q

water-soluble compound that chemically dissociates in water to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion

A

base

60
Q

pH value of 7.1 - 14

A

base

61
Q

process of splitting a molecule or ionic compounds into smaller particles

A

dissociation

62
Q

the breakdown of fatty tissue

A

saponification

63
Q

fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion

A

reducing agent

64
Q

chemical reaction in which simple molecules combine to form long chain molecules

A

polymerization

65
Q

materials that are added to products that easily polymerize in order to control or prevent an undesired reaction

A

inhibitor

66
Q

least energetic form of radiation

A

nonionizing radiation

67
Q

most energetic and hazardous form of radiation

A

ionizing radiation

68
Q

4 types of ionizing radiation

A
  1. alpha
  2. beta
  3. gamma
  4. neutron
69
Q

shielding beta emitters with dense metals can result in

A

x-rays

70
Q

weightless packet of electromagnetic energy, such as x-rays or visible light

A

photon

71
Q

the effects of ionizing radiation occur at the

A

cellular level

72
Q

chronic exposure to radiation causes ________

A

cancer

73
Q

one basic protection strategy against radiation uses ___________, ____________, and ____________

A

time, distance, shielding

74
Q

doubling the distance from a point source divides the dose by a factor of ________. (Inverse Square Law)

A

4

75
Q

exposure from a fallout is reduced by _____ in a one story building and by _________ at a level belowground

A

50%, 90%

76
Q

degree to which a substance causes harm within the body

A

toxicity

77
Q

substance that prevents access to sufficient volumes of oxygen

A

asphyxiant

78
Q

gases that displace oxygen concentration below the level required to sustain life

A

simple asphyxiant

79
Q

materials that prohibit the body’s cells from using oxygen.

A

chemical asphyxiant

80
Q

often attack the body’s mucous membranes like eyes, nose, mouth, throat, lungs

A

irritants

81
Q

statistics show that ___ in ___ firefighters will be diagnosed with cancer during their career

A

1, 3

82
Q

_____% of firefighters will have cancer diagnosed within 7 years of retirement

A

45

83
Q

chemical asphyxiant that is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of organic materials

A

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

84
Q

produced in the combustion of materials containing nitrogen, is also commonly encountered in smoke, although at lower concentrations than CO.

A

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

85
Q

product of complete combustion of organic materials. acts as simply asphyxiant by displacing oxygen.

A

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

86
Q

microorganisms such as a virus or bacteria, that may cause severe disabling disease or illness

A

biological or etiological hazard

87
Q

simplest type of microorganism that can only reproduce themselves in the living cells of their hosts

A

virus

88
Q

microscopic, single-celled organisms

A

bacteria

89
Q

biological agent that causes disease or illness

A

pathogen

90
Q

Hazard class 1

A

Explosives

91
Q

any substance with a great deal of potential energy that may rapidly expand and release upon activation

A

explosive

92
Q

subset class within an explosives placard that assigns the product’s level of explosion hazard

A

division number

93
Q

indication on an explosive placard expressed as a letter that categorizes different types of explosive substances and articles for purposes of stowage and segregation

A

compatibility group letter

94
Q

primary hazards of explosives are _______ and _________

A

thermal, mechanical

95
Q

Hazard Class 2:

A

Gases

96
Q

Hazard Class 3:

A

Flammable Liquids

97
Q

Hazard Class 4:

A

Flammable Solids

98
Q

Class 4 materials are broken up into 3 different divisions

A

4: 1 Flammable Solids
4: 2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials
4: 3 Dangerous When Wet

99
Q

Primary Hazards of class 2

A

toxicity, corrosivity

100
Q

Primary Hazard of class 3

A

energy, corrosivity, toxicity

101
Q

Primary Hazards of class 4

A

chemical energy, mechanical energy, corrosivity, toxicity

102
Q

Hazard Class 5

A

Oxidizers

103
Q

2 divisions of hazard class 5

A

5: 1 Oxidizers - typically solids or aqueous solutions
5: 2 Organic Peroxides - Liquids or solids

104
Q

Oxidizer with a specific composition that make them prone to reactivity

A

Organic Peroxides

105
Q

Primary Hazards of class 5

A

thermal, mechanical, chemical

106
Q

Hazard Class 6

A

Poisons

107
Q

Hazard Class 7

A

Radioactive

108
Q

atoms of a chemical element with the usual number of protons in the nucleus but an unusual number of neutrons.

A

isotope

109
Q

Hazard Class 8

A

Corrosives

110
Q

Primary Hazards of Class 8

A

chemical, toxic, thermal, mechanical

111
Q

Hazard Class 9

A

Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

112
Q

Primary Hazards of Class 9

A

thermal, chemical

113
Q

minimum energy that starts a chemical reaction when added to an atomic or molecular system

A

activation energy

114
Q

Class 7 Radioactive I, II, and III labels must always contain the following (2)

A

isotope name, radiation activity

115
Q

protection from gamma radiation

A

concrete, earth, lead

116
Q

protection from neutron radiation

A

oil, water, concrete (high amounts of hydrogen)

117
Q

protection from beta radiation

A

metal, clothing, plexiglass

118
Q

protection from alpha radiation

A

skin

Hazmat (11 decks)

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