chapter 5

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

a persons subjective awareness including thoughts, perceptions, experiences of the world, and self-awareness

Question 2

circadian rhythms

Answer 2

internally driven daily cycles of approximately 24 hours affecting physiological and behavioural processes

Question 3

what regulates circadian rhythms

Answer 3

entrainment and endogenous rhythms

- regulated by the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus

Question 4

entrainment

Answer 4

when biological rhythms become synchronized to external cues such as light, temperature, or even a clock

Question 5

endogenous rhythms

Answer 5

biological rhythms that are generated by our body independent of external cues such as light

Question 6

infradian rhythm

Answer 6

any rhythm that occurs over a period of time longer than a day (menstrual cycle)

Question 7

polysomnography

Answer 7

a set of objective measurements used to examine physiological variables during sleep

Question 8

sleep

Answer 8

periodic, natural, reversible loss of “Consciousness”

Question 9

REM sleep

Answer 9

a stage of sleep characterized by quickening brain waves inhibited body movement and rapid eye movements

Question 10

awake

Answer 10

beta waves

Question 11

awake but relaxed and drowsy

Answer 11

alpha waves

Question 12

non REM

Answer 12

theta waves and delta waves

Question 13

restore and repair hypothesis

Answer 13

idea that the body needs to restore energy levels and repair any wear and tear experienced during the days activities

Question 14

preserve and protect hypothesis

Answer 14

suggests that two more adaptive functions of sleep are preserving energy and protecting the organism from harm

Question 15

sleep deprivation

Answer 15

occurs when an individual cannot or does not sleep

Question 16

sleep displacement

Answer 16

occurs when an individual is prevented from sleeping at the normal time although she may be able to sleep earlier or later in the day than usual

Question 17

psychoanalytic approach

Answer 17

freudian view that dreams provide a window into unconscious motivations and an opportunity for wish fulfillment

Question 18

manifest content

Answer 18

involves the images and storylines that we dream about

Question 19

latent content

Answer 19

the actual symbolic meaning of a dream built on suppressed sexual or aggressive urges

Question 20

dream work

Answer 20

translation of the manifest to the latent continent

- often done by an expert

Question 21

activation-synthesis hypothesis

Answer 21

suggests that dreams arise from brain activity originating from bursts of excitatory messages from the pons