Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

The largest system of the body? What percent of body weight?

A

The integumentary system (1.5 to 2m squared in area). 16% of body weight.

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2
Q

2 parts that make up the Integumentary system.

A

Cutaneous Membrane (skin). Accessory Structures.

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3
Q

Two components of the Cutaneous Membrane.

A

The epidermis and the dermis.

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4
Q

Most superficial part of the integumentary system.

A

The epidermis.

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5
Q

Avascular part of the cutaneous membrane.

A

The epidermis.

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6
Q

How do cells of the epidermis survive?

A

By diffusion through blood in dermis.

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7
Q

Two layers of the Dermis

A

Papillary. Reticular.

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8
Q

Outer epidermis consists of ______ ________ epithelium.

A

Stratified Squamous.

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9
Q

Inner dermis is made up of __________.

A

Connective tissues.

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10
Q

The layer of the skin that anchors the Epidermis and Dermis to underlying structures.

A

Subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer.

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11
Q

Where does Keratinization begin?

A

Begins in the Stratum Granulosum.

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12
Q

________ is deposited into cells and causes them to change shape as they move closer to the surface.

A

Keratin.

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13
Q

Thin skin consists of how many strata?

A

4.

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14
Q

Thick skin consists of how many strata?

A

5.

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15
Q

Most of body has how many layers of epidermis?

A

4.

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16
Q

Parts of body thick skin is found on?

A

Sole of feet and Palm of hand.

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17
Q

How many layers in the dermis?

A

2 layers.

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18
Q

What anchors the epidermal accessory structures?

A

The Dermis.

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19
Q

2 components of the dermis?

A

Outer papillary layer. Deep reticular layer.

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20
Q

Subcutaneous layer is also called the ________

A

Hypodermis

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21
Q

Loosely anchors the skin to underlying structures.

A

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

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22
Q

2 types of tissue that make up the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

A

Aerolar tissue.

Adipose tissue.

23
Q

Skin color depends on….

A

Carotene.

Melanin.

Blood circulation (red cells).

24
Q

Protects against UV sun radiation?

A

Melanin.

25
Q

Monocytes in Epidermis secrete what?

A

Melanin.

26
Q

What protects the nuclei of skin cells?

A

Melanin.

27
Q

5 integumentary Accessory structures?

A

Hair.

Hair Follicles.

Sebaceous Glands.

Sweat Glands.

Nails.

28
Q

Where are the integumentary accessory structures located? Where do they project?

A

The dermis.

Project through skin surface.

29
Q

Functions of Hair? (4)

A

Throughout history has protected us from insects invading body by being sensitive to touch.

Protects and insulates.

Guards openings against particles and insects.

30
Q

Hair Follicle, (3 features)

A

Located deep in dermis.

Wrapped in a dense connective tissue sheath.

Base is surrounded by sensory nerves (root hair plexus).

31
Q

Arrector pili muscle is what type of muscle tissue?

A

Smooth.

32
Q

2 things that the arrector pili does?

A

causes hairs to stand up.

Produces goose bumps.

33
Q

2 functions of the subaceous glands.

A

Lubricate the hair.

Control bacteria.

34
Q

2 features of the sebaceous glands.

A

Holocrine glands.

Secrete sebum.

35
Q

2 features of sweat glands.

A

Merocrine glands.

Watery secretions.

36
Q

3 characteristics of Sebum.

A

Contains lipids and other ingredients.

Lubricates and protects the epidermis.

Inhibits bacteria.

37
Q

Two types of sweat glands.

A

Apocrine.

Merocrine.

38
Q

Where are Apocrine sweat glands found?

A

Armpits, around nipples, and groin.

39
Q

Where are merocrine glands found?

A

Widely distributed on body surface, especially palms and soles.

40
Q

2 types of perspiration.

A

Insensible.

Sensible.

41
Q

Insensible perspiration?

A

Interstitial fluid lost by evaporation through the epidermis.

42
Q

Sensible Perspiration?

A

Water excreted by sweat glands.

43
Q

Main function of mammary glands?

A

Produce milk.

44
Q

2 functions of the Ceruminous glands?

A

Protect the eardrum.

Produce Cerumen (earwax).

45
Q

Nail Functions?

A

Protect fingers and toes.

46
Q

What are nails made of?

A

Dead cells packed with keratin.

47
Q

What can change nail structure?

A

Metabolic disorders.

48
Q

4 functions of skin?

A

Protects underlying tissues and organs.

Sensory reception.

Maintains body temperature (insulation and evaporation)

Synthesis of Vitamin D.

49
Q

First degree burns. Where’s damage? How long for regeneration?

A

Damage to epidermis only.

Regeneration in a few days.

50
Q

Second Degree burns. Where’s damage? Regeneration length?

A

Damage to epidermis and part of dermis.

Heals within 2-4 weeks, possible scarring.

51
Q

What makes third degree burns possibly fatal?

A

Infection and Dehydration.

52
Q

6 effects of aging?

A

Epidermal thinning.

Loss of elastic fibers.

Decreased Vitamin D production.

Decreased Melanocyte activity.

Decreased glandular activity (sweat and oil glands).

Loss of collagen fibers.

53
Q
A