Chapter 5 Flashcards
The largest system of the body? What percent of body weight?
The integumentary system (1.5 to 2m squared in area). 16% of body weight.
2 parts that make up the Integumentary system.
Cutaneous Membrane (skin). Accessory Structures.
Two components of the Cutaneous Membrane.
The epidermis and the dermis.
Most superficial part of the integumentary system.
The epidermis.
Avascular part of the cutaneous membrane.
The epidermis.
How do cells of the epidermis survive?
By diffusion through blood in dermis.
Two layers of the Dermis
Papillary. Reticular.
Outer epidermis consists of ______ ________ epithelium.
Stratified Squamous.
Inner dermis is made up of __________.
Connective tissues.
The layer of the skin that anchors the Epidermis and Dermis to underlying structures.
Subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer.
Where does Keratinization begin?
Begins in the Stratum Granulosum.
________ is deposited into cells and causes them to change shape as they move closer to the surface.
Keratin.
Thin skin consists of how many strata?
4.
Thick skin consists of how many strata?
5.
Most of body has how many layers of epidermis?
4.
Parts of body thick skin is found on?
Sole of feet and Palm of hand.
How many layers in the dermis?
2 layers.
What anchors the epidermal accessory structures?
The Dermis.
2 components of the dermis?
Outer papillary layer. Deep reticular layer.
Subcutaneous layer is also called the ________
Hypodermis
Loosely anchors the skin to underlying structures.
Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
2 types of tissue that make up the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
Aerolar tissue.
Adipose tissue.
Skin color depends on….
Carotene.
Melanin.
Blood circulation (red cells).
Protects against UV sun radiation?
Melanin.
Monocytes in Epidermis secrete what?
Melanin.
What protects the nuclei of skin cells?
Melanin.
5 integumentary Accessory structures?
Hair.
Hair Follicles.
Sebaceous Glands.
Sweat Glands.
Nails.
Where are the integumentary accessory structures located? Where do they project?
The dermis.
Project through skin surface.
Functions of Hair? (4)
Throughout history has protected us from insects invading body by being sensitive to touch.
Protects and insulates.
Guards openings against particles and insects.
Hair Follicle, (3 features)
Located deep in dermis.
Wrapped in a dense connective tissue sheath.
Base is surrounded by sensory nerves (root hair plexus).
Arrector pili muscle is what type of muscle tissue?
Smooth.
2 things that the arrector pili does?
causes hairs to stand up.
Produces goose bumps.
2 functions of the subaceous glands.
Lubricate the hair.
Control bacteria.
2 features of the sebaceous glands.
Holocrine glands.
Secrete sebum.
2 features of sweat glands.
Merocrine glands.
Watery secretions.
3 characteristics of Sebum.
Contains lipids and other ingredients.
Lubricates and protects the epidermis.
Inhibits bacteria.
Two types of sweat glands.
Apocrine.
Merocrine.
Where are Apocrine sweat glands found?
Armpits, around nipples, and groin.
Where are merocrine glands found?
Widely distributed on body surface, especially palms and soles.
2 types of perspiration.
Insensible.
Sensible.
Insensible perspiration?
Interstitial fluid lost by evaporation through the epidermis.
Sensible Perspiration?
Water excreted by sweat glands.
Main function of mammary glands?
Produce milk.
2 functions of the Ceruminous glands?
Protect the eardrum.
Produce Cerumen (earwax).
Nail Functions?
Protect fingers and toes.
What are nails made of?
Dead cells packed with keratin.
What can change nail structure?
Metabolic disorders.
4 functions of skin?
Protects underlying tissues and organs.
Sensory reception.
Maintains body temperature (insulation and evaporation)
Synthesis of Vitamin D.
First degree burns. Where’s damage? How long for regeneration?
Damage to epidermis only.
Regeneration in a few days.
Second Degree burns. Where’s damage? Regeneration length?
Damage to epidermis and part of dermis.
Heals within 2-4 weeks, possible scarring.
What makes third degree burns possibly fatal?
Infection and Dehydration.
6 effects of aging?
Epidermal thinning.
Loss of elastic fibers.
Decreased Vitamin D production.
Decreased Melanocyte activity.
Decreased glandular activity (sweat and oil glands).
Loss of collagen fibers.
