Chapter 5

Question 1

seven steps to political equality

Answer 1

1. group defines itself
2. group challenges society
3. they change the story
4. federalism comes into play (state vs national laws and rights)
5. executive branch breaks the ice (executive order)
6. congress legislates a blockbuster
7. it all ends up in court

Question 2

who engineered the seven steps to political equality?

Answer 2

african americans

Question 3

strict scrutiny

Answer 3

standard by which courts judge any legislation that singles out race or ethnicity

Question 4

what three categories for reviewing court cases?

Answer 4

suspect, quasi-suspect, nonsuspect

Question 5

suspect category?

Answer 5

any legislation involving race, ethnicity, religion, or alienage (immigration status); strict scrutiny, compelling interest

Question 6

quasi-suspect category?

Answer 6

any legislation that introduces sex-based categories, must rest on an important state purpose

Question 7

nonsuspect category?

Answer 7

no special scrutiny

Question 8

abolition

Answer 8

demanded an immediate and unconditional end to slavery

Question 9

Missouri COmpromise

Answer 9

northern territories = no slavery

west of Mississippi = slavery allowed

Question 10

Compromise of 1850

Answer 10

left slavery up to the states to vote on

Question 11

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Answer 11

black men could not be citizens

Question 12

13th amendment?

Answer 12

abolished slavery, Emancipation Proclamation

Question 13

14th amendment

Answer 13

anyone born in U.S. is a citizen, “equal protection of the laws”

Question 14

15th amendment

Answer 14

voting rights can’t be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Question 15

reconstruction

Answer 15

the failed effort to establish racial equality after the civil war

Question 16

literacy test

Answer 16

a requirement that voters be literate, a way to restrict black suffrage

Question 17

Jim Crow

Answer 17

system of racial segregation in the south from 1890 to 1965, violently enforced

Question 18

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 18

separate but equal

Question 19

GreatMigration

Answer 19

vast movement of African American from south to north between 1910 and 1960

Question 20

De jure discrimination

Answer 20

established by laws

Question 21

de facto discrimination

Answer 21

subtle, exists without a legal bias, societal

Question 22

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 22

segregated schools unconstitutional

Question 23

freedom riders

Answer 23

black and white activists who rode buses together to protest segregation on bus lines

Question 24

free rider problem

Answer 24

a barrier to collective action because people who don’t participate still reap the benefits

Question 25

affirmative action

Answer 25

direct steps to recruit members or previously underrepresented groups into schools and jobs

Question 26

disproportionate impact

Answer 26

discriminatory effect of some policies even if discrimination is not intended

Question 27

school busing

Answer 27

an effort to integrate public schools by mixing students from different neighborhoods

Question 28

seneca falls convention

Answer 28

first convention dedicated to women’s rights in 1848

Question 29

equal employment opportunity commission

Answer 29

federal law enforcement agency that monitors compliance with Civil Rights act

Question 30

national organization for women

Answer 30

formed in 1966 to take action for women’s equality

Question 31

equal rights amendment

Answer 31

passed in 1972 , equality shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex

Question 32

class action

Answer 32

a lawsuit filed on behalf of an entire category of individuals

Question 33

three categories of immigrants

Answer 33

1. american citizens
2. resident aliens
3. undocumented individuals

Question 34

racial profiling

Answer 34

a law enforcement practice of singling out people based on physical features

Question 35

domestic dependent nation

Answer 35

special status that grants local sovereignty to tribal nations but does not grant them full sovereignty equivalent to independent nations

Question 36

section 504

Answer 36

obscure