Chapter 3 Flashcards
what is a unitary government?
a national polity governed as a single unit, with the central government exercising all or most of political authority
what is the opposite of a unitary government?
a confederation
what is a federal system?
power is divided and shared between national and state governments
what complicates American federalism?
local governments, which rely on state government for their authority
what are the four advantages to state level policy?
reflects local needs, enables innovations in the laboratory of democracy, protects rights, and enhances choice
what are the four advantages of national level policy?
enhances fairness (avoiding a race to the bottom), equalizes resources, promotes national standards and best practices, and facilitates coordination
what is the necessary and proper clause?
the constitutional declaration that defines Congress’s authority to exercise “the necessary and proper” powers to carry out its designated functions
what are implied powers?
national government powers implied by, but not specifically named in, the Constitution
what is Supremacy clause?
the constitutional declaration that the national government’s authority prevails over and conflicting state or local government’s claims, provided the power is granted to the federal government
what are inherent powers?
powers not specified or implied by the constitution, but necessary for the president or congress to fulfill their duties
what are the states’ reserved powers?
public education, public health, public morality, commerce within the state, and organizing state elections
what are concurrent powers?
shared responsibilities between state and national governments
what is the full faith and credit clause?
the constitutional requirement that each state must recognize and uphold laws passed by any other state
what is dual federalism?
clear division of governing authority between national and state governments, layer cake
what is cooperative federalism?
mingled governing authority, with functions overlapping across national and state governments, marble cake
what are grants-in-aid?
national government funding provided to state and local governments. along with specific instructions about how to use them
what is New Federalism?
a version of cooperative federalism, but with less oversight by the fed government, which still provided funds, and more control on the state and local level (multiflavored marble cake)
what are block grants?
national government funding provided to state and local governments, with relatively few restrictions or requirements on spending
what is progressive federalism?
national government sets broad goals for a program, and relies on state innovations to achieve them
what is an unfunded mandate?
an obligation imposed on state or local government officials by federal legislation, without sufficient federal funding support to cover the costs
devolution
the transfer of authority from national to state or local government level
what is preemption?
the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law
obergefell v hodges?
same sex marriage countrywide
what is nationalism?
can be good, can be bad @white nationalism
what is civic volunteerism?
citizens voluntarily participating in public life without government involvement
