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Marine Bio Exam 1 > Chapter 5-7 > Flashcards

Chapter 5-7 Flashcards

1
Q

Virus

A

(Non-living) non cellular infectious agents that are incapable of reproduction without host cell and is made of nuclei acid core

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2
Q

Capsid

A

Protein coat that consists of proteins that bind receptors to host cells

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3
Q

Retrovirus

A

Store genetic energy info in from of DNA

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4
Q

Lysogenic viruses

A

Reproduce by their inserting DNA into DNA of host cells

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5
Q

Bacteriophages

A

Viruses that infect bacteria

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6
Q

Microbes

A

(Microscopic marine organisms) unseen to the naked eye and belongs to
- Bacteria and Archaea
- Viruses (not truly)
- Fungi
- Protozoa

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7
Q

Prokaryotes (diverse + widespread)

A
  • Archaea and Bacteria
  • no nucleus
  • single cell chromosome
  • most have cell walls
  • great metabolic diversity
    -Ubiquitous (survival anywhere, hot/cold/acidic/salty)
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8
Q

Invertebrates

A

Marine animals without a backbone

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9
Q

larva

A

Immature individual that looks different from adult animal

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10
Q

Animal organization (LDKPCOFGS)

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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11
Q

Back side

A

Dorsal

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12
Q

Bottom of organism

A

Ventral

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13
Q

Top/head

A

Anterior

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14
Q

Lower/tail

A

Posterior

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15
Q

Oral side

A

Ingest

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16
Q

Aboral

A

Anus

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17
Q

Suspension feeding

A

Food found suspended in water and collected via sucking/tentacles

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18
Q

Deposit feeding

A

Food foraged at the bottom

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19
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

(Sponges)
Asymmetric
Sessile
Suspension feeders
Choanocytes (collar cells)
Spongin (support protein)
Spicules (support structures made of silica/calcium carbonate)

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20
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

(Jellies and corals)
Radial body symmetry
Captures prey with stinging cells (nematocysts)
2 body forms (polyp and Medusa)
Carnivores
Class Ctenophora (comb jellies) - no stinging cells/ bilateral symmetry/ sticky colloblasts wo venom

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21
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

(Flatworms, tapeworms, flukes)
Bilateral symmetry
Incomplete digestive tract
Hermaphrodites
Parasitic or free living

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22
Q

Phylum Annelida

A

Segmented worms (leeches)
Free living carnivores
Some parasitic and suck blood
Anterior and posterior suckers to hold prey
Dorsal ventrally flattened
No setae

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23
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Blood pumped through vessels into open body cavity (mollusks and arthropods)

24
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Blood remains in blood vessels

25
Beard worms
No digestive system and harbor symbiotic bacteria
26
Phylum Arthropoda (jointed foot)
Crustacea - crabs, copepods, lobsters, shrimp, krill, barnacles, isopods Chelicerata - horseshoe crabs, sea spiders ( pointed appendages to grasp food) Chitin exoskeletons that are hard and reinforced with protein n calcium carbonate Segmentation combined for specific functions Must molt or shed exoskeleton as they grow
27
Subphylum Crustacea
Specialized for life in water Possess gills to obtain oxygen Herbivores/ carnivores/ scavengers Head and thorax connected by cephalothorax
28
Phylum Mollusca
(Snails, mussels, octopus, nudibranchs) Many have shells of calcium carbonate Some deposit feeders/ carnivores/ or use radula to scrape prey
29
Class Bivalves
(Clams, oysters, scallops, mussels) Two halves Most sedentary feeders attached by byssal threads Water circulated with siphon Muscular foot used to burrow and locomotion
30
Class Gastropoda
(Snails and slugs) Stomach foot Coiled shells on most species (no shell on sea slugs) Radula for grazing on plants Deposit feeders / carnivores
31
Class Cephalopoda
(Squid, octopus, nautilus, cuttlefish) Head foot Water jet propulsion Beak like jaws w radula Shell internal or absent Ink sacs to escape from predators
32
Phylum Echinodermata
(Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars) Spiny skinned Endoskeleton Water vascular system with tube feet Tube feet used for locomotion, gas exchange, and feeding Radial symmetry Active predators, herbivores, grazers, scavengers Can regenerate body parts
33
Evisceration
Expulsion of internal organs to escape from predators ( sea cucumbers)
34
Setae
Bristle like appendages that are in most worms to burrow and more
35
Probosis
Long fleshy tube used to entangle prey (nemertea (ribbon worms))
36
Photoautotrophs
Harness sunlight for energy and CO2
37
Chemoautotrophs
Harvest energy from inorganic chemicals and use carbon
38
Biomediation
Prokaryotes help clean the environment using this to rid environment of contaminants
39
Archaea
Life’s extremists and oldest Tolerate wide ranges in environmental factors - Halophiles - archaea that thrive in salty places - thermophiles - archaea that thrive in hot water - methanogens - archaea living in anaerobic environment and give off methane as waste product
40
Prokaryotes ( bacteria)
Semi rigid cell walls Abundant worldwide Breaks down dead organic matter which form detritus - Cyanobacteria - prokaryotes with plantlike oxygen generating photosynthesis - anabaena - prokaryotes with specialized specks that fix nitrogen
41
Protists ( not plants )
Algae Photosynthetic Phytoplankton- diatoms and dinoflagellates
42
Diatoms
Consists of silica Non motile Autotrophic Photosynthetic pigments of chlorophyll A & C Mostly unicellular and solitary Asexual production by division
43
Domoic acid
Toxin that diatoms produce which accumulate in tissues of organisms that eat diatoms
44
Bioaccumulation (biomagnefication)
Accumulation of toxins through trophies levels of food chain and results in increased concentration of toxins in higher organisms Occurs with toxins that are stores long term in the organism
45
Dinoflagellates
Mixotrophic lifestyle - sometimes photosynthesizes or heterotrophic Motile- two flagella grooves on body (flagella motor) Some bioluminescent
46
Diel Vertical migration
Migrate for nutrients at night at depths Migrate to sunlight in morning Usually dinoflagellates
47
Zooxanthellae
Life’s in symbiotic relationship with coral/ sea anemones/ other organisms Coral provides algae w protected environment and compounds for photosynthesis Responsible for color in corals
48
Red tides
Harmful algal blooms
49
Bioluminescence
Type of chemiluminescence Takes place inside living organism like algae, protists, crustaceans They light up to capture prey, deter predators, attract mates, or find food
50
Coccolithophores
Ornate shells of calcium carbonate Thrive in water w low pH created by raising concentrations of CO2
51
Protozoa Foraminiferas
Exclusively found in marine community in sandy n rocky bottoms
52
Protozoa Radiolarians
Planktonic and mostly microscopic but can grow to large sizes
53
Protozoa Ciliates
Cilia present for locomotion Solitary cells Live on hard substrates Some planktonic Make shells from organic debris
54
Cilia vs flagella
Differentiated based on function or length
55
Fungi
Eukaryotic and mostly multicellular Heterotrophic Break down dead organic matter into detritus Live in symbiosis with Cyanobacteria and are known as lichens

Marine Bio Exam 1 (5 decks)

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