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Introduction to Fine Arts > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Medieval Period

A

500-1400

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2
Q

Romanesque time

A

500-1100

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3
Q

Gothic Time

A

1100-1400

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4
Q

Key figures of medieval times

A

St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Francis (founded monks), Dante (Thinker)

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5
Q

labor union roots

A

come from guilds

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6
Q

main constructions of medieval times

A

churches and castles/fortresses

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7
Q

who directed church contruction

A

monks

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8
Q

sole patron of the arts in medieval times

A

Church

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9
Q

guiding philosophy

A

otherworldliness, unlike Greece and Rome

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10
Q

core of Christianity

A

doctrine of salvation

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11
Q

Core value of medieval religion

A

life to be endured, not enjoyed

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12
Q

main virtue

A

poverty

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13
Q

tool of devil

A

worldly goods

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14
Q

main movement of MA

A

monasticism

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15
Q

most time of monks spent

A

prayer, labor, intellectual study

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16
Q

monks’ vows

A

poverty, obedience, industry, chastity

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17
Q

why a vow of labor?

A

reduces passion

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18
Q

Christians condemned what culture

A

Greek

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19
Q

heretical treatment

A

torture or burning; get out of this by repenting and do penance. “Those who believed heretical doctrines were burned at the stake”

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20
Q

Greek writers banned

A

Plato and Aristotle

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21
Q

purpose of feudalism

A

stability and protection. Political, social, economic system

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22
Q

literacy

A

only monks

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23
Q

secular wealth

A

feudal lords

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24
Q

who were often bishops and archbishops

A

most powerful feudal lords

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25
Q

who gave feudal lords power

A

church

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26
Q

Medieval Art function

A

religious (didactic)

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27
Q

influence of MA

A

church (style/subject)

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28
Q

purpose of MA

A

teach illiterate bible stories

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29
Q

control over MA

A

all church, no artists

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30
Q

2nd Council of Nicaea

A

787 church controls substance of religious scenes, binding for 500 years

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31
Q

Strict conventions of MA

A

crucifixion: mother on right, St. John on left;
soldier pierced on left side;
Jesus’s halo had a cross, saints only halo;
God, Jesus, angels had bare feet;
Peter short beard, Paul long beard and bald.
purpose: clear communication

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32
Q

Medieval Cathedral structure

A

subject to style and decoration conventions

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33
Q

floor plan

A

Latin cross

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34
Q

liturgy

A

formal service of worship, determined style of builders

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35
Q

Chancel

A

area in front where priest was, separating altar and choirs from congregation (facing east)

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36
Q

number 3

A

Trinity–triple arches, triple meter

37
Q

Relics

A

believed to perform miracles–attracted many pilgrims

38
Q

around the chancel

A

passage called ambulatory, around the apse, which is the circle on top

39
Q

common people during worship

A

given rosary to say prayers, since they didn’t know Latin

40
Q

music function

A

religious

41
Q

Medieval music characteristics

A

simple and unpretentious and vocal and monophonic

42
Q

most important musical aspect

A

text

43
Q

mandorla

A

emanating ring of radiance around Jesus

44
Q

centers of wealth and social organizatoin

A

monasteries

45
Q

Romanesque influences

A

Byzantine, Roman, Carolingian, (Ottoman)

46
Q

Romanesque–term

A

style influenced mainly by Romans marked by stark simplicity and rounded arch

47
Q

Europe could give attention to arts/had a new civilization because

A

law and order restored and barbarians are defeated

48
Q

Vital to new artistic spirit

A

roads in N. Europe, fostering trade and commerce

49
Q

peacetime causes of Romaneque art

A

roads, barbarians, feudalism, economic stability

50
Q

Romanesque builders

A

monks/friars

51
Q

Romanesque arch origins

A

from Romans, from Etruscans

52
Q

gloomy atmosphere of Romanesque monasteries

A

gave spirit of quiet renunciation and presence of God

53
Q

Romanesque, unlike Byzantium

A

had no brilliant color and sensuous expression

54
Q

Notre Dame (Poitiers)

A

triple arches of facade suggest Trinity, many little imperfections symbolize otherworldliness, not organic, not for beauty but retreat to find presence of God

55
Q

San Ambragio, Milan

A

Nave is central isle, has bays held up by piers

56
Q

Greek v. Romanesque

A

Greek is open, graceful, peace and repose. Romanesque is heavy and dark, haven from harsh life, shut out outside world

57
Q

Romanesque sculpture purpose

A

didactic

58
Q

RS seen also as

A

architectural

59
Q

RS stylization

A

emaciated and elongated, since they deny pleasures of life

60
Q

Why didn’t Romanesque sculpture need realism

A

people denied the real world

61
Q

above door and below arch

A

tympanum, had relief, figures of faith symbols denying pleasure.

62
Q

Romanesque Painting

A

didactic

63
Q

where are the Romanesque paintings go

A

burned and rotted on wood

64
Q

popular painting topic

A

crucifixion

65
Q

Santa Maria del Antiqua

A

crucifixion painting, Christ elongated to show denial of flesh and suffering

66
Q

Romanesque cathedral video

A

maximize floor space, buttress is a pier holding up arches

nave has 7 bays. floors are arcade, gallery, then clerestory lit the church

67
Q

Romanesque music connected to

A

worship

68
Q

types of texts

A

Scriptural

69
Q

music ordered to

A

liturgy, in keeping with a simple ascetic faith

70
Q

instruments

A

voice–banned because secular and Greek/Roman

71
Q

music characteristics

A

vocal, simple, unpretentious

72
Q

music influenced by

A

Byzantine (hymn tunes) and Jewish Temple (ornate melodies)

73
Q

Greek influence on music

A

theory and mode names

74
Q

Chant

A

monophonic, no known composers, based on church modes, rhythms derived from Latin texts

75
Q

3 types of chant

A

Mozarabic (Spain), Gallican (N. Europe), Gregorian (Rome

76
Q

Gregorian chant named after

A

Pope Gregory–gathered and codified it

77
Q

Guido of Arezzo

A

notation and singing style

78
Q

function of chant

A

express faith in God while being otherworldly

79
Q

central church service

A

mass

80
Q

2 false teachings

A

transubstantiation. Christ resacrificed

81
Q

worship parts

A

ordinary (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Ite missa est. proper (based on church year) (Introit, gradual, alleluia, offertory, communion, readings, psalms, verse of the day

82
Q

Byzantine Chant

A

2 parts–melody (unified voice of church) and ison (uncreated light of God). compared to creed and word painting.

83
Q

each mode has what

A

emotional significance

84
Q

music written in

A

neumes on 4-line staff

85
Q

Kyrie is what

A

melismatic–many notes on 1 syllable. 3 parts–eleison, Christe, eleison.

86
Q

cadence

A

point of rest of melody

87
Q

form symbolism

A

ABA trinity

88
Q

Office Hours

A

choir monks follow, order of daily life

89
Q

special texts in GC

A

canticals and psalms

Introduction to Fine Arts (17 decks)

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