Chapter 5

Question 1

epidermis

Answer 1

superficial, surface coat mainly avascular layers of epithelial cells main function is to protect the body keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

dermis

Answer 2

middle layer has a lot of connective tissue vascular

Question 3

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

Answer 3

deepest layer/region actually anchors the skin to organs insulation adipose tissue region for storing body fat contain nerves acts as a shock absorber

Question 4

accessory structures

Answer 4

hair, nails and exocrine glands

Question 5

keratinocytes

Answer 5

produce keratin protein that hardens and water proofs the skin most numerous cell type of the 4

Question 6

melanocytes

Answer 6

found in lower epidermis and produced the pigment melanin

Question 7

markels cells

Answer 7

have to do with touch sensory receptors associated with nerve endings in the deep epidermis

Question 8

langerhans cells

Answer 8

dendritic cells macrophages that help activate the immune system

Question 9

basal layer

Answer 9

deepest layer attached to the dermis rests on basement membrane stems cells first type of keratinocytes. 1-2 layers of cells

Question 10

stratum spinosum

Answer 10

spiny layer- 8-10 layers of cells pre keratin filaments they are spine like flat projections help together by desmosomes contains melanin contain langerhan cells defends against superficial bacteria and skin cancer.

Question 11

stratum granulosum

Answer 11

grainy layer 3-5 layers of cells where keratinization begins. activity mitosis

Question 12

stratum lucidum

Answer 12

appears only in thick epidermis soles of your feets and palms of your hands convers granulosum few flat dead keratinocytes

Question 13

stratum corneum

Answer 13

horny layer- outer layer of flat dead cell makes up about 3/4 of the epidermis 20-30 rows of cells constantly being shedded waterproofs the skin barrier against biological chemical and physical factors.

Question 14

dermis

Answer 14

strong, flexible connective tissue nerve fibers macrophages white blood cells and other blood vessels. cutaneous receptors and hair follicles and glands

Question 15

papilary

Answer 15

areolar connective tissue with collage elastic fibers, blood vessels, nerve ending meissen’s chloroplast layer is think dermal papillas super surface protrudes into the epidermis forming patterns. Fingerprints

Question 16

reticular layer

Answer 16

80% of your dermis dense connective tissue there are less dense region that form lines of cleavage

Question 17

melanin

Answer 17

runs yellow to brown to black produced in melanocytes . more melanin the darker the color. Tyrosine amino acid found in melanin

Question 18

carotene

Answer 18

yellow to orange found stratum corneum and adipose of the hypodermis most obvious in your palms and soles

Question 19

hemoglobin

Answer 19

pinkish hue because its oxygenated hemoglobin being carried

Question 20

keratin

Answer 20

can also influence skin color and skin color can denote disease yellow- liver disease pale- anemia,low blood pres redness- allergy resp disorder

Question 21

hair functions

Answer 21

alter to insects guards scalp heat loss and sunlight protections

Question 22

hair

Answer 22

produced by hair follicle fussed dead keratinized cells contain hard keratin

Question 23

hair shaft

Answer 23

projects from the skin

Question 24

hair root

Answer 24

penetrates the skin

Question 25

central core

Answer 25

medela

Question 26

cortex

Answer 26

surrounds medela

Question 27

cuticle

Answer 27

outermost layer of keratin

Question 28

hair follicle

Answer 28

extends into the dermis and sometimes into the hypodermis outer part is connective tissue and epithelial root has nerve endings subcutaneous glands smooth muscle structures called a receptor pili muscle when these muscle contract produce goosebumps

Question 29

vellus

Answer 29

fine pale body hair

Question 30

terminal

Answer 30

coarse longer hair of the scal-eyebrows

Question 31

alopecia

Answer 31

thinking and baldness terminal hair stops growth and velus

Question 32

nails

Answer 32

scale like modifications of your epidermis

Question 33

2 types of sweat glands

Answer 33

merocrine and apocrine

Question 34

merocrine

Answer 34

numerous coiled tubular gland and secrete sweat through pores plays a major role in the thermal regulation and excretion is by exocytosis water fluid 99%

Question 35

aprocrine

Answer 35

same basic components as sweat plus fatty acids and proteins-> why we wear deodorant

Question 36

ceruminous glands

Answer 36

modified apocrine glands found in external ear canal secrete ear wax

Question 37

mammary glands

Answer 37

special type of apocrine sweat glands

Question 38

subaccous glands

Answer 38

simple alveolar-most developed hair follicles and secretes sebum- oily solutes take care of bacteria softens hair and skin

Question 39

burns

Answer 39

tissue damage denature protein cell death caused by intense heat electricity radiation certain chemicals

Question 40

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 40

least malignant most common striatum basal cells are alter proliferated and slowly invade the dermis and hypodermis becomes so thin that it cannot produce keratin

Question 41

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 41

2nd most common on scalp ears lower lip and hands sun induced

Question 42

malignant melanoma

Answer 42

most dangerous cancer of your cell melanocytes spreads quickly