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Anatomy and Phys > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

element

A

substance that cannot be subdivided by chemical needs only has one type of atom

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2
Q

atom

A

smallest part of an element that retains the chemical and physical properties of that element

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3
Q

Atomic structure

A

atoms are composed of three subatomic particles knows as protons, neutrons and electrons

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4
Q

Atomic Number

A

of protons

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5
Q

Atomic weight/,ass

A

mass of an atom compared to the mass of carbon

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6
Q

mass number

A

protons and nuetrons

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7
Q

molecule

A

when 2 or more atoms have been chemically combined

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8
Q

molecular weight/mass

A

biological molecules are often very large.

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9
Q

chemical bods

A

the atoms which make up molecules are help together by energy involving the electrons

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10
Q

covalent bonds

A

found between 2 atoms that share 1 or more pair of electrons

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11
Q

isotopes

A

has the same atomic # but a different mass #

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12
Q

non polar covalent bonds

A

when two atoms share a bond equally

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13
Q

polar covalent bonds

A

share a pair of electrons unequally

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14
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

weak electrical attractions formed between hydrogen and certain very electronegative atoms Example Water

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15
Q

Ionization

A

process by which a charged atom or ion is form

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16
Q

ions

A

forms whenever an atom gains or loses one or more electrons

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17
Q

ionic bonds

A

bond formed between two ions with opposite charges. Ionic bonds form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom. These bonds can form between a pair of atoms or between molecules and are the type of bond found in salts.

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18
Q

pH

A

scale of 0-14 normal is 7 blood is 7.4

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19
Q

acidoses

A

7.2 or less

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20
Q

alkalosis

A

7.6 or more

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21
Q

pH coma/death

A

6.8

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22
Q

acid

A

any substance that yields a hydrogen when dissolved in water

23
Q

base

A

any substance that can remove a hydrogen when dissolved in water

24
Q

strong acids or bases

A

will completely dissociate or almost pull away

25
Q

weak acids and bases

A

only partially disspciate

26
Q

buffer

A

any substance which when added to a solution resists a change in pH. Buffers work by converting strong acids and/or bases into weak acids and or bases

27
Q

solution

A

a homogenous mixture of two or more components which cannot be distinguished and which do not settle out

28
Q

solvent

A

component in greatest amount

29
Q

solute

A

component in lesser amount

30
Q

molar solutions

A

solution based upon a mole

31
Q

mole

A

equal to gram formula weight which is the molecular weight of a molecule in grams

32
Q

organic compounds

A

chemical compounds that contain carbon covalent bonds with a large number of atoms including itself

33
Q

monomers and polymers

A

organic compounds are made up of repeating subunits can be small monomers or large chain polymers

34
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

takes water out

35
Q

hydrolysis

A

adds water

36
Q

4 classes of organic compounds

A

carbs lipids proteins and nucleic acids

37
Q

carbohydrates

A

composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen includes sugars starches glycogen and cellulose. Fuel molecules can be monomers or polymers

38
Q

Lipids

A

contain more hydrogen per carbon. Fats oils waxes and sterols. long term storage make up hormones

39
Q

proteins

A

usually also have sulfur most abundant organic molecule in the average body. Made from Amino acids

40
Q

protein functions

A

structural, contraction, protection, hormones, enzymes, defense

41
Q

amino acids

A

carbon with acid group Hydrogen R group and Amino

42
Q

peptide bond

A

one amino acid attaches to another C-N bond

43
Q

4 levels of protein structure

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

44
Q

primary protein

A

kinds and sequences of aminos acids

45
Q

secondary protein

A

results from hydrogen bonding of alpha amino group to every carboxyl group in a helix results in a pleating Beta Sheets/Pleating Corkscrew

46
Q

tertiary protein

A

complex twisting and folding due to hydrogen bonding and their bonding between the R groups

47
Q

quaternary proteins

A

occurs when polypeptide chains interact forming a single protein complex

48
Q

fibrous proteins

A

extended strands like structures only the secondary structures. highly stable insoluble in water chief supporting molecules of body (structural proteins) Ex colagen karatein elastine

49
Q

globular proteins

A

usually spherical in shape usually 3 level sometimes the 4th water soluble unstable globular Functional proteins Ex antibodies hormones enzymes

50
Q

denaturaziation

A

proteins can denature by temp pH electrolyte concentration If serve it cant retain shape

51
Q

nucleic acid

A

carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus made from monomer chains called nucleotides. Transmission of genetic information

52
Q

enzymes

A

biological catalysts. speeds a chemical reaction but is not altered. has an active site and this site is suppose to fit with the reactant. they are specific. are all proteins lower the energy of activation of a reaction coenzymes help enzymes do their jobs.

53
Q

Nucleotide 3 basic components

A

sugar - pentose Ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA
phosphate group-
base Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine (DNA) Uracil (RNA)

54
Q

RNA

A

single strand of nucleotides mRNA rRNA tRNA

Anatomy and Phys (5 decks)

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