Chapter 4 Flashcards
tissues
groups of cells that in similar in structure and form a common function
epithelial tissue
covers every exposed body surface example skin lining of digestive system blood vessels respiratory
cellularity
closely packed cells with little intercellular material continuous sheets of cells
specialized contacts
cells fit close together by means of tight junctions
polarity
always have exposed surface and basal surface attached to another tissue. have cytoplasmic complaints unevenly distributed hence polarity
avascularity
no blood vessels get nutrients by diffusion or absorption but has a supply of nerve fibers
basal lamina
layer found next to the connective tissue
regenerations
cell division of epithelium is continuous and at a high rate
basement membrane
consisted of a layer closest to the epithelial and reticulum
cell shapes
squamous cuboidal and columnar
simple epithelia
single layer of cells
simple squamous
flat and scale like. absorption,secretion and filtration. little cytoplasm found. Ex Kidney heart blood vessels
simple cuboidal
wider taller single layer secretion/absorption in the kidney have microvelia, Ex glands etc
simple columnar
tall closely packed columnar shaped oval nuclei. absorption.secretion- elaborate golgi ap and ER. digestive tract dense microvilli and goblet cells for secretions. ciliated line overducts in the respiratory tract.
pseudo columnar
vary some are ciliated all found o the basement membrane
stratified epithelia
2 or more layers. major function is protection from abrasions
stratified squamous
external part of your skin. several layers squamous on surface, basal, cuboidal or even columnar. Found on tongue mouth and vagina
stratified cuboidal
very limited, sweat glands, large glands, 2 layers
stratified columnar
rare used for protection and secretion. stomach junctions pharynx male urethra
pseudostratified
one layer
transitional
lining in the urinary organs stretches (bladder) able to train it (like to hold your pee.
endothelium
simple squamous provide lining in circulator system
epithelial membrane
multicellular with at least 2 tissue types
mucus membrane
line body cavities opens to the exterior function in absorption and secretions. have lamina propria
lamina propria
layer of connective tissue
cutaneous membrane
skin
serous membrane
ventral body cavities lined by mostly perxidel and visceral layers
gand
one or more cells that produce and secrete a particular product
endocrine gland
duct less glands that secrete hormones
exocrine glands
sweat glands, oils, salivary, secrete products into ducts mos numerous
unicelluar
no ducts mucin production in humans cells in intestines
mulitcelluar
2 major groups- simple (single and unbranched) compound (branching or divided)
tubular
ducts from tubes
alveolar
small and little sacs (lungs)
tubuloalveolar
both
merocrine
mostly exocrine done by exocytosis sweat gland and pancrease
holocrine
cell fills up and then burst sebaceous secretion
apocrine
apex fills up and pinches off and secretion is released
mixed exocrine
salivary glands example
serous gland
secretion that is watery
mucous gland
thicker mucin secretion
connective tissue
most abundant functions in binding support protect insulation and transportation. (blood is a connective tissue) arises from the mesoderm embryonic tissue. different degrees of vascularity some have non and some have a lot none to hit matrix composed of non living intercellular material.
ground substance
fluid fills space between cells contains fibers and functions as a filter
fibers
protein fibers collagen elastic and reticular fibers.
connective tissue proper
cell type fibroblast
cartilage
cell calle chondroblast
bone
osteoblast cell
blood
hemocytoblast (cell)
4 classes of connective tissue
proper, cartilage, bone, blood
loose (areolar)
semi fluid ground substance 3 fiber types fibroblast are most prominent. functions as a packing around organs providing cushing support epithelia surrounds blood vessels and nervous store lipids
loose (adipose)
large number of fat cells mostly cellular little matrix almost clear used for protect and insulation. Has slow heas loss but primary function is nutrient storage
loose (reticular)
many fibers and ground substance found in spleen lymph nodes and bone marrow
dense regular
closely packed fibers of collagen found in ligaments and tendons
dense irregular
irregular arrangement of collagen in skin dermis
dense elastic
elastic fibers and strethces
cartilage hyaline
see this everywhere gristle, most abundant provides support found in fetal skeleton
fibrocartilage
thick collagen found in interverable disc in knee cartilages
elastic cartilage
elastic fiber lie in your ear. epligadis
blood
a fluid connective tissue where cells are suspended in a watery matrix with dissolved proteins,
bone
calcified matrix functions support protection
mesenchyme
mesoderm leads to differentiation meaning go on to become what they are suppose to b.
muscle tissue
cells are elongated and highly celullar
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal cardiac smooth
skeletal muscle
attached to bones, functions in movements, voluntarily
cardiac muscle
walls of the heart pumps blood invuluntairy
smooth muscle
hollow organs stomach bladder propel substance through the organs
nervous tissue
brain, spinal cord- regulates and controls body functions
neurons cells
generate and conduct impulses
nerogleo
not conducted support insulate and protect nuerons
tissue repair
inflammatory response occurs when tissue are injured
regineration
proliferate the same type of cell. age is a factor nutrition and health
fibrosis
proliferation of your fibrous connective tissue in in most tissue repair is going to involve both regeneration and fibrosis
