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Anatomy and Phys > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

internal and external body parts and the relationship to each other

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of structures which are visible to the unaided eye

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3
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

all of the structures in a particular part of the body are studied together.

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4
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

system by system

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5
Q

cross sectional anatomy

A

where the body is sliced into sections

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6
Q

developmental antamoy

A

study of the change in body structures from conception to birth.

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7
Q

embryology

A

life from a single cell before birth

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8
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

study of structures that require the use of a microscope to be visible

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9
Q

cytology

A

study of cells and their structures

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10
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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11
Q

non invasive technichniques

A

visualization of internal structure without actual dissection

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12
Q

xrays

A

higher energy radiation that can penetrate the body and expose photographic film yielding a picture of the dense tissue it passed through

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13
Q

tomography

A

CT scans- rotating xray tube coordinated by a computer. Cross section of the body examination of tissues and organs layer by layer

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14
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

MRI- images can be in color, two or three dimensional biochemistry of an organ or tissue can pick up tumors

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15
Q

Sonography/Ultrasound

A

high frequency sound waves scatter and reflected by various tissues in the body. Disadvantages sound waves cannot penetrate the body as well as others

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16
Q

Positron Emission Tomography/PET

A

observing blood flow to the brain using radioactive isotopes

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17
Q

molecular biology

A

study of molecules

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18
Q

Physiology

A

study of function

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19
Q

7 characteristic of life

A

responsiveness, adaptability, metabolism, growth, reproduction, excretion, movement

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20
Q

responsiveness/excitability

A

(irritability) the ability to detect and respond to an external stimulus

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21
Q

adaptability short term

A

alter physiological operations Example- out in the sun get thirsty drink water!

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22
Q

adaptability long term

A

changes over a longer period of time Evolution

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23
Q

Metabolism

A

all living things excrete a series of complex chemical reactions in which some molecule are broken down while other are built. The sum total of all of these reactions is term metabolism.

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24
Q

Growth

A

ability to increase in size, inside and out

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25
Q

reproduction

A

ability to reproduce copies and should be similar

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26
Q

9 Levels of Orginization

A

Subatomic, atomic, molecular, organelle, cell, tissues, organs, organs system, organism

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27
Q

subatomic

A

fundamental particles that make up matter

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28
Q

atamic

A

combos of subatomic particles form structures knowns as elements

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29
Q

moleuclar

A

combination of atoms held together by energy and cation. chemical bonds. molecules unit of living cells

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30
Q

organelle

A

discrete structures of combinations of complex organic molecules and components of cells.

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31
Q

cell

A

basic unit of life. minimum amount of organized matter than carry out the 7 characteristics of life

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32
Q

tissue

A

combination of similar or related cells that work together to perform a common function.

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33
Q

organs

A

various combination of the 4 types of tissues in order to be an organ there have to be at least 2 but most have all 4

34
Q

organ system

A

organs that work together to perform a common function

35
Q

organism

A

population-> community-> ecosystem-> biomes-> biosphere a combo of all previous levels working together

36
Q

homeostasis

A

usually defined as the ability of an organism to matin a constant internal environment in spite of an dynamic changing external environment.

37
Q

Control mechanisms 3 compnonents

A

receptor, control center and effector

38
Q

recptor

A

sensor response to a variable change and provide input to the control center

39
Q

control center

A

determines the set point of a variable receives information from the receptor analysis it and initiates action to restore the set point.

40
Q

effector

A

responsible for carrying out control center instruction positive or negative

41
Q

Negative Feedback

A

input and output of a system moving in opposite directions maintains homeostasis

42
Q

Positive Feedback

A

input and output moving in the same direction distrupts homeostasis

43
Q

auto regulation

A

when we have activities of cells, tissue, organ, or systems change automatically when face with a variation

44
Q

extrinsic regulation

A

results from activities of neurons endocrine system or organ system making adjustments

45
Q

Survival needs

A

food, water, appropriate temp, and pressure

46
Q

anatomic postion

A

erect hands at side palms facing forward thumbs pointing away from body

47
Q

2 divisions of the body

A

axial and appendicular

48
Q

axial

A

head neck and trunk

49
Q

appendicular

A

upper and lower limbs

50
Q

body plans

A

sagittal, frontal, transverse, obliques

51
Q

sagittal plane

A

left from right

52
Q

frontal plane

A

front from back

53
Q

transverse

A

cross sections

54
Q

oblique

A

at an angle

55
Q

dorsal body cavity

A

central nervous system

56
Q

cranial

A

dorsal body cavity- with in the skull houses the brain

57
Q

vertebral

A

dorsal body cavity- spinal cavity houses the spinal cord

58
Q

ventral body cavity

A

thoracic and abdomionpelvic- anterior cavity and larger than the dorsal cavity.

59
Q

thoracic

A

superior division (heart and lungs)

60
Q

abdoionpelvic

A

resto of your body organs

61
Q

4 membranes

A

serous parietal visceral serous fluid

62
Q

Serous

A

cover the inner walls of ventral cavities and outer walls/outer surfaces of organs

63
Q

parietal

A

lines the body cavity walls

64
Q

visceral

A

covers the outer surfaces of organs

65
Q

serous fluid

A

fluid for lubrication decreases friction

66
Q

abdominal organs

A

stomach intestines spleen and liver

67
Q

pelvic organs

A

bladder repro organs rectum and kidney

68
Q

12 organs systems

A

integumentary, skeleton, muscular, lymphatic, immunity, nervous, reproduction, urinary, endocrine, cardiovascular, digestion, respiratory

69
Q

integumentary

A

skin keeps out bacteria, keeps organs from drying out acts as a physical and chemical barrier

70
Q

skelton

A

protect and support body organs

71
Q

muscular

A

allows movement/locomtion

72
Q

lyphatic

A

returns leaked fluid to the blood

73
Q

immunity

A

protection against foreign stubstances

74
Q

nervous

A

responds to stimuli control system of the body

75
Q

reproduction

A

producing off spring

76
Q

uiunary

A

eliminates waste regulates water and electrolytes

77
Q

endocrine

A

gland secreting hormones

78
Q

cardiovascular

A

blood vessels, heart, transports O2 CO2 nutrients

79
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food fro cell usage

80
Q

respritory

A

helps supply O2 and removes CO2

Anatomy and Phys (5 decks)

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