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Anatomy and Phys > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

internal and external body parts and the relationship to each other

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of structures which are visible to the unaided eye

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3
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

all of the structures in a particular part of the body are studied together.

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4
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

system by system

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5
Q

cross sectional anatomy

A

where the body is sliced into sections

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6
Q

developmental antamoy

A

study of the change in body structures from conception to birth.

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7
Q

embryology

A

life from a single cell before birth

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8
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

study of structures that require the use of a microscope to be visible

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9
Q

cytology

A

study of cells and their structures

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10
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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11
Q

non invasive technichniques

A

visualization of internal structure without actual dissection

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12
Q

xrays

A

higher energy radiation that can penetrate the body and expose photographic film yielding a picture of the dense tissue it passed through

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13
Q

tomography

A

CT scans- rotating xray tube coordinated by a computer. Cross section of the body examination of tissues and organs layer by layer

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14
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

MRI- images can be in color, two or three dimensional biochemistry of an organ or tissue can pick up tumors

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15
Q

Sonography/Ultrasound

A

high frequency sound waves scatter and reflected by various tissues in the body. Disadvantages sound waves cannot penetrate the body as well as others

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16
Q

Positron Emission Tomography/PET

A

observing blood flow to the brain using radioactive isotopes

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17
Q

molecular biology

A

study of molecules

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18
Q

Physiology

A

study of function

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19
Q

7 characteristic of life

A

responsiveness, adaptability, metabolism, growth, reproduction, excretion, movement

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20
Q

responsiveness/excitability

A

(irritability) the ability to detect and respond to an external stimulus

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21
Q

adaptability short term

A

alter physiological operations Example- out in the sun get thirsty drink water!

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22
Q

adaptability long term

A

changes over a longer period of time Evolution

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23
Q

Metabolism

A

all living things excrete a series of complex chemical reactions in which some molecule are broken down while other are built. The sum total of all of these reactions is term metabolism.

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24
Q

Growth

A

ability to increase in size, inside and out

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25
reproduction
ability to reproduce copies and should be similar
26
9 Levels of Orginization
Subatomic, atomic, molecular, organelle, cell, tissues, organs, organs system, organism
27
subatomic
fundamental particles that make up matter
28
atamic
combos of subatomic particles form structures knowns as elements
29
moleuclar
combination of atoms held together by energy and cation. chemical bonds. molecules unit of living cells
30
organelle
discrete structures of combinations of complex organic molecules and components of cells.
31
cell
basic unit of life. minimum amount of organized matter than carry out the 7 characteristics of life
32
tissue
combination of similar or related cells that work together to perform a common function.
33
organs
various combination of the 4 types of tissues in order to be an organ there have to be at least 2 but most have all 4
34
organ system
organs that work together to perform a common function
35
organism
population-> community-> ecosystem-> biomes-> biosphere a combo of all previous levels working together
36
homeostasis
usually defined as the ability of an organism to matin a constant internal environment in spite of an dynamic changing external environment.
37
Control mechanisms 3 compnonents
receptor, control center and effector
38
recptor
sensor response to a variable change and provide input to the control center
39
control center
determines the set point of a variable receives information from the receptor analysis it and initiates action to restore the set point.
40
effector
responsible for carrying out control center instruction positive or negative
41
Negative Feedback
input and output of a system moving in opposite directions maintains homeostasis
42
Positive Feedback
input and output moving in the same direction distrupts homeostasis
43
auto regulation
when we have activities of cells, tissue, organ, or systems change automatically when face with a variation
44
extrinsic regulation
results from activities of neurons endocrine system or organ system making adjustments
45
Survival needs
food, water, appropriate temp, and pressure
46
anatomic postion
erect hands at side palms facing forward thumbs pointing away from body
47
2 divisions of the body
axial and appendicular
48
axial
head neck and trunk
49
appendicular
upper and lower limbs
50
body plans
sagittal, frontal, transverse, obliques
51
sagittal plane
left from right
52
frontal plane
front from back
53
transverse
cross sections
54
oblique
at an angle
55
dorsal body cavity
central nervous system
56
cranial
dorsal body cavity- with in the skull houses the brain
57
vertebral
dorsal body cavity- spinal cavity houses the spinal cord
58
ventral body cavity
thoracic and abdomionpelvic- anterior cavity and larger than the dorsal cavity.
59
thoracic
superior division (heart and lungs)
60
abdoionpelvic
resto of your body organs
61
4 membranes
serous parietal visceral serous fluid
62
Serous
cover the inner walls of ventral cavities and outer walls/outer surfaces of organs
63
parietal
lines the body cavity walls
64
visceral
covers the outer surfaces of organs
65
serous fluid
fluid for lubrication decreases friction
66
abdominal organs
stomach intestines spleen and liver
67
pelvic organs
bladder repro organs rectum and kidney
68
12 organs systems
integumentary, skeleton, muscular, lymphatic, immunity, nervous, reproduction, urinary, endocrine, cardiovascular, digestion, respiratory
69
integumentary
skin keeps out bacteria, keeps organs from drying out acts as a physical and chemical barrier
70
skelton
protect and support body organs
71
muscular
allows movement/locomtion
72
lyphatic
returns leaked fluid to the blood
73
immunity
protection against foreign stubstances
74
nervous
responds to stimuli control system of the body
75
reproduction
producing off spring
76
uiunary
eliminates waste regulates water and electrolytes
77
endocrine
gland secreting hormones
78
cardiovascular
blood vessels, heart, transports O2 CO2 nutrients
79
digestion
breakdown of food fro cell usage
80
respritory
helps supply O2 and removes CO2

Anatomy and Phys (5 decks)

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