Chapter 5&6 Flashcards
Open vs closed loop models
Open:
Top down hierarchy of NS, less reliant on FB
Plan, initiate and execute neural outcome
Closed:
Input/output
Outcome of FB, reflexes and predetermined neural outcomes
Hierarchical model at first
Vs now
Brian-> SC-> response-> PNS&effectors-> FB
Literally top down of anatomical brain function
Doesn’t account for cues in environment
Now= can send to lateral anatomical structures
Mvmt models
There is great complexity in the ways of planning,executing, and monitoring mvmt
EX. Many ways to grasp a hot mug
Reflex model
Open vs closed
Hierarchical
Sys models
Human limb CPGs
Indicates that not all human mvmt requires involvement of the cortex
Complex hierarchical model
Complex closed look model includes involvement of higher brain centres and FB
Brain centres provide basic command to lower level, lower level recommands single and routes to next level
Sensory FB modifies signal and commands signal at each level
What theory best provides a framework for abnormal mvmt
Systems theory ( Newells model)
Grammar for dysfunction
NAGI
Cell-pathology
System-impairment
Person-functional limitation
Social-disability
Grammar for dysfunction
WHO
Cell- disease
System- impairment
Person- disability
Social- handicap
Grammar for dysfunction
ICF
Cell- health condition
System- body structure and function
Person- activity limitation
Social- participant restriction
Impairments in ACTION sys
Action sys= motor cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia-> send out motor commands
CORTICAL IMPAIRMENT
Muscle weakness, unnecessary mvmt, hyperactive muscles
SUBCORTICAL IMPAIRMENT (cerebellum,BG) Decreased muscle tone, dyscoordination, tremor, slowed mvmt, hypertonia
EX. Limp, complicate motor function will composite for limitation
Impairment in SENSORY sys
Sensory sys= afferent pathways that provide proprioceptive FB (muscle spindles, GTO, jt receptors) to CNS
EQUILBM TRIADE
- Somatosensory- proprioceptor deficits
- Visual deficits
- Vestibular deficits- vertigo
Also cog impairments- memory and attention
Interventions for impairments
CONTROL- body’s capacity to manage itself in relation to the environment
** must restore this capacity
CORTICAL IMPAIRMENT- BioFB, bimanual training of weak limbs and strength training
**progressive resistance training (active and resistive) benefit spasticity
SUBCORTICAL IMPAIRMENT- repetition of task specific mvmt, weight bearing coordination tasks, functional mvmt training w time constraints
Midterm question:
Choose aa action and sensory impairment and determine a intervention
ACTION
Motor weakness
SENSORY
Activation impairment
Motor weakness- inability to generate normal levels of force
Cerebral cortex lesions: extent of lesion can result in paralysis (severe loss in muscle activity) or paresis (partial loss of muscle activity)-> deceased voluntary motor unit recruitment/ inability to recruit sk motor units to generate mvmt
Hemiplegia: weakness affecting one side of the body
Motor weakness intervention
BioFB/ functional electric stim to recruit paretic muscles for functional activities
Hemiplegia improvement: electrical stim of peroneal nerve to improve control over ant tibialis during gait (voluntary contraction)
Strength training: isometric training to strengthen ant tibialis through full ROM of gait
