Chapter 2 Flashcards
Motor learning
The study of modification of mvmt
Recovery of function
Reacquisition of mvmt skills lost through injury- regain the process of firing neurons needed for mvmt
4 concepts of motor learning
- Learning is a process of acquiring the capability for skilled action
- Learning results from practice/experience
- Learning cannot be measure directly, but inferred from behaviour
- Learning produces relatively permanent change in behaviour
* ST alterations are not thought as learning
Performance
Temporary change in motor behaviour seen during practice
Patient H.M.
Hippocampal formation, amygdala, parts of the temporal cortex removed
Couldn’t transfer new ST memory to LT memory or retain over a minute of into
New learnt motor skills, surgery didn’t affect motor performance associated memories
Forms of LT memory
Implicit, nondeclarative
Explicit, declarative
Implicit learning
Nonassociative
Associative
Procedural
Implicit Nonassociative
Habituation
- repeated exposure to stim= reduced responding to that stim
-benign stim
EX. Treat dizziness in patients w vestibular dysfunction
Sensitization
-repeated exposure to stim= increases responding to stim
- threatening stim
-augumentation of responding following exposure to a 2nd stim
EX. Soft touch after pinch
Restoring sensitization after habituation
Add another stim to habituation stim
EX. Every time a fireworks “bang” you get a pinch
Define learning
“Relatively permanent change in behaviour as a function of training, practice or experience”
Implicit associative learning
Classical conditioning
-relationship of one stim to another
-initially week stim(CS) becomes highly effective in producing a response(CR) when associated w another strand stim(UCS)
EX. Pavlovs dog
Operant conditioning: trail and error learning
-learn to associate a certain response w consequence
-rewarded behaviours are are repeated at the cost of others
-behaviour followed by punishment aren’t repeated
=LAW OF EFFECT
** both are used to create a desired behaviour
Procedural learning
- tasks can be preformed automatically wout attention or conscious thought(habit)
- developed w repetition and expressed through improved performance
**doesnt require any cog function
Mvmt schema
Learning a mvmt or the rules for moving automatically
Declarative learning
Requires awareness, attention and reflection to consciously recall knowledge
Declarative to nondeclarative
Via practice/constant repetition
EXAMPLE
Learn to perform a task with repeated verbal instruction-> repeated practice-> perform task wout instruction
