Chapter 3&5 Flashcards
Interaction btw perception, cog, action
Sensing-perceiving-interpreting-conceptualizing-strategy-activation-execution
*maladaptive mvmt= problems in perception, action or cog and region determines rehab
Human mvmt is a result of?
Components of the CNS&PNS involved In the control of coordinated mvmt
CNS
Symmetrical, bilateral with 6 structure: SC Brain stem Cerebellum Basal Ganglia Diencephalon Cerebral Cortex Grey matter (diffuse/slow stim) White matter (myelin, quickly sends info)
Spinal cord
- Lowest level of the hierarchy
- Initial reception and processing of somatosensory info (from muscle,jts,skin) and reflex of voluntary control of posture and mvmt via motor neurons
- simple reflexes, kicking and locomotion
Brain stem
- Second lowest in hierarchy
- Contains nuclei for postural control and locomotion(vestibular,red and reticular nuclei)
- ascending and descending pathways
- receives somatosensory input(skin,muscles,head) and sensory input(vestibular,visual sys)
- controls motor output to neck and face
Reticular formation
Found in brain stem
Regulates arousal and awareness
Cerebellum
- Receives input from SC and cerebral cortex(mvmt FB)
- Outputs to brain stem (info for planning mvmt)
- adjusts motor responses by comparing intended output w sensory signals and update mvmt if it deviates from what’s intended
- modulates force and ROM
- involved in motor learning
Diencephalon
Thalamus: processes most info from the cortex via SC, cerebellum, brain stem
hypothalamus
Cerebral hemispheres
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Neurons
Unipolar(afferent), multipolar(muscular sys), bipolar
Soma,dendrites,axon,axon hillock,pre-synaptic terminal
Process glucose, transmit and store info
Neuralgia
CNS:
- astrocytes:BBB
- oligondendrocytes:CNS axons, white matter of SC
- microglia:remove dead cells/debris
- ependymal:lines ventricles in brain,secrete CSF
PNS
- Schwann: PNS axons, myelin
- satellite: ganglia of afferent cells
High brain centres
Form complex plans according to intent
Make sense of environment
Provide corrections w mid and lower level centres
Involve emotions in response to raw environment
Middle level brain centres
Converts raw info to small and manageable patterns
Cerebellum, sensory motor cortex, pons,medulla
Lower level
Brain stem, SC
Apply tension to specific muscles, jt angles to produce mvmt
Can’t respond wout stim or to environment
Signalling mech in nerve cells
4 components
Independent of size,shape,function
- Input-dendrite
- Integrative component-soma
- Conductive component- Amazon
- Output- axon terminal
Change in structure= memories of neurons
Resting membrane potential
Net + charge on outside, - on inside
Maintaining rest
Na/K pumps
Require ATP
Pushes ions up electrogradient
Maintains polarity
Nerve cells’ type of passive electrical characteristics
- Electromotive force
- Resistance- cell permeability
- Capacitance- insulation to separate cells.
All 3 affect the time course of postsynaptic potentials( efficiency of cell to cell communication)
Leakage channels
Ions leak down gradient in and out of the cell
Require no energy
Need a constant mvmt of Na/K to prevent equilbm, cell wouldn’t be able to get excited
Resting potential
Nongated Na/K /Ca channels
-35/-70 mV
Action potentials
Voltage gated Na/k channels
All or none response above 100 mV
1-10 s duration
** doesn’t decrease in amplitude while conducted away from site of initiation
Receptor potential
Modality specific gating on Na/k
Sensory stim
Graded potential
Very fast
Increases conductance
EPSP
IPSP
Simultaneous gating of Na/k ligand channels
Fast
Ligand gating of k or ca channels
Fast
Decreased conductance
EPSP
IPSP
Close k leakage channel
Slow
Close Na leakage channel
Slow
