Chapter 5 (5.1) The Internet and World Wide Web

Question 1

What is the internet
what does it make use of

Answer 1

the world-wide interconnection of networks

makes use of TCP and IP protocols

Question 2

What is the world wide web
what is it based on

Answer 2

small part of the internet which is a massive collection of web page
Based on hypertext transfer protocols (http and https)

Question 3

Characteristics of WWW

Answer 3

> http(s) protocols are written using hypertext mark-up language (HTML)
uniform resource locators (URLs) are used to specify the location of web pages
web resources are accessed by web browsers

Question 4

What are web browsers

Answer 4

software that allow users to access and display web pages on their device screens.

Question 5

how and what do browsers do what they do

Answer 5

interpret hypertext mark-up language (HTML) sent from websites and produce the results on the user’s device.

Question 6

What is HTML

Answer 6

Hypertext markup language

ddf (design, display, format) webpages
write http(s) protocols

Question 7

What is URL

Answer 7

Uniform resource locator - are text addresses used to access websites

Question 8

What is HTTP

Answer 8

set of rules that must be obeyed when transferring files across the internet

Question 9

Features of a web browser

Answer 9

– storing bookmarks and favourites
– recording user history
– allowing use of multiple tabs
– storing cookies
– providing navigation tools
– providing an address bar

Question 10

DNS

Answer 10

Domain Name Server - a server that looks up domain names for websites n order to find the IP addresses that a computer needs to locate the web servers

Question 11

What is a cookie

what is it used for

Answer 11

a TEXT FILE sent from a website to a user’s browser; it is used to remember user preferences each time they visit the website

Question 12

What are the 2 types of cookies

Answer 12

Session cookies
persistent (permanent cookies)

Question 13

What are session cookies

Answer 13

a cookie that is stored temporarily on a computer; it is deleted when the browser is closed or the website session ends

Question 14

What are permanent cookies

Answer 14

a cookie that is stored on the user’s hard drive and only deleted when the expiry date is reached or the cookie is deleted by the user

Question 15

Uses of persistent cookies

Answer 15

allow website to rem user’s username and passwords

Track internet habits and user’s website history

store users’ preferences

are used in online financial transactions

allow progress in online games and quizzes to be stored

Question 16

In the url:

https://www.brainscape.com/l/dashboard/computer-science-18979283/decks/11766542/cards/new

what is the protocol
what is the domain host
what is the domain name
what is the domain type
what is the country code
what is the path
what is the file name

Answer 16

protocol - https (could also be http)
domain host - www.
domain name - brainscape
domain type - .com
country code - doesnt have but would be .us, .in, .uk, etc
path is the webpage - dashboard/computer-science etc etc
filename is cards/new

Question 17

Describe the process of a retrieval of a webpage

Answer 17

User opens broswer and types in URL

Browser asks DNS server for the ip adress

if DNS server cant find, sends a req to DNS server 2

DNS server 2 finds the webpage and maps it to the IP address.

IP address sent to dns server 1 which puts it in its database

IP address then sent to user’s computer

Computer sets up communication with website server. HTML files sent from website server to computer. Browser interprets the HTML and displays content on user’s computer.

Question 18

Diff between Internet and WWW

Answer 18

Internet:
* makes use of transmission protocols
(TCP) and internet protocols (IP)
* it is a worldwide collection of
interconnected networks and devices

WWW:
* http(s) protocols are written using
hypertext mark-up language (HTML)
* it is a collection of multimedia web pages
and other information on websites