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Computer Science > Chapter 4.1 (A) Types of Software > Flashcards

Chapter 4.1 (A) Types of Software Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of software

A

system
application

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2
Q

General features of system software

A

» provides a human computer interface (HCI)

» control and manage the operation of computer hardware
» controls the allocation and usage of hardware resources.

» provides a platform on which other software can run
» required to allow hardware and software to run without problems

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3
Q

General features of application software

A

» used to perform various applications (apps) on a computer
» allows a user to perform specific tasks using the computer’s resources
» may be a single program (for example, NotePad) or a suite of programs (for example, Microsoft Office)
» user can execute the software as and when they require

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4
Q

Common application softwares

A

Word processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Control and Measuring software
Apps
Photo editing software
Video editing software
Manipulation software

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5
Q

2 types of System software

A

Utility
OS

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6
Q

What is utility software

A

Helps keep computing device secure and in good working order

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7
Q

Common utility software

A

» virus checkers (anti-virus software)
» defragmentation software
» disk contents analysis and repair
» file compression and file management
» back-up software
» security
» screensavers

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8
Q

What is an anti-virus software

when does it run

A

software that quarantines and deletes files or programs infected by a computer virus; the software can run in the background or be initiated by the user

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9
Q

What is malware

A

programs that are installed on a user’s computer with the aim of deleting, corrupting or manipulating data illegally

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10
Q

Common features of anti-virus software

A

»Check software or files before they are run or loaded on a computer

»Compares a possible virus against a database of known viruses

»heuristic checking

»quarantine

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11
Q

What is heuristic checking

A

checking software for behaviour that could indicate a possible virus

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12
Q

What happens when files are in quarantine

why are they put into quarantine

A

Programs that are identified by anti-virus software as being infected by a virus and then are isolated in order to be deleted later.

To help avoid a false-positive.

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13
Q

What is defragmentation

A

a process that reorganises sectors on an HDD by rearranging blocks of data so that they are contiguous

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14
Q

How does defragmentation help

A

Considerably reducing HDD head movements which speeds up data access and retrieval

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15
Q

What is a back-up

A

Copies of files onto another storage media in case the original file becomes corrupted or is deleted

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16
Q

What does a back-up software do

A

» allow a schedule to be made
» Interval Back ups
» Full Back ups
» restore data from back-up
» create a restore point

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17
Q

What is a restore point

A

a kind of ‘time machine’ where your computer can be restored to its state at this earlier point in time

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18
Q

What are the 3 versions of a file that should be present for total security

A

1 - the current (working) version stored on the internal HDD or SSD
2 - a locally backed up copy of the file (stored on a portable SSD, for example)
3 - a remote back-up version stored well away from the computer (for example, using cloud storage).

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19
Q

functions of a security software

A

» manages access control and user accounts
» links into other utility software, such as virus checkers and spyware checkers

» protects network interfaces - eg firewalls

» uses encryption and decryption to ensure any intercepted data is meaningless without a decryption key

» oversees the updating of software (does the update request come from a legitimate source)

20
Q

What is a screensaver

A

software that supplies a still or moving image on a monitor if a computer has been inactive for a period of time

21
Q

How can screensavers give an additional layer of security

A

Helps secure an idle computer. After a certain duration of not being used, the computer will log out automatically. A screen saver will be loaded to indicate computer is locked

22
Q

What background tasks can screensavers activate
why?

A

Indicates computer is idle and not being used

» virus scans
» distributed computing applications – these allow apps to use the computer’s resources only when it is idle

23
Q

What is a device driver

A

software that communicates with the operating system and translates data into a format understood by the device

24
Q

What are descriptors
which device drivers have these

is it unique

A

a collection of information about a device plugged into a USB port; this can be vendor ID (VID),
product ID (PID) or serial number

All USB device drivers have these

Yes it is unique.

25
Q

What is an OS

A

operating system – Software that allows applications to interface with hardware

26
Q

Functions of an OS

A

Interrupt handling routines

Memory management

Hardware peripheral management (including drivers)

Managing files

Management of user accounts

Platform for running of application software

Multitasking

Human computer interface (HCI)

Security (manages log on, passwords)

27
Q

What is an HCI. Full form and definiton
2 types
Full forms of them

A

HCI - Human computer interface – an interface supplied by the operating system to ‘hide’ the complexities of the software and hardware from the human user

2 Forms -
CLI - Command Line Interface
GUI - Graphical User Interface

28
Q

What is a CLI

A

Communication with the computer by typing in commands

29
Q

Advantages of CLI

A

direct communication with computer

Not restricted to a number of pre-determined options

Can alter computer configuration settings

Quicker to execute and more efficient.

Small amount of computer memory

30
Q

Disadvantages of CLI

A

Learn a number of commands to carry out basic operations

Typing commands takes time and can be error-prone

31
Q

What is GUI

A

graphical user interface (GUI) – Uses icons to represent apps and tasks which the user can select or launch by clicking on a mouse or using a touch screen

32
Q

Adv of GUI

A

the user doesn’t need to learn any commands

it is more user friendly.

33
Q

Disadv of GUI

A

More computer memory

the user is limited to the icons provided on the screen

Takes up considerable memory

34
Q

What is a WIMP
What is a Post WIMP

full form and definitions

A

windows icons menu and pointing device – an interface that uses a pointing device such as a mouse to select options from screen icons

post-WIMP – a modern touch screen interface system that allows actions such as pinching and rotating

35
Q

Who would use a CUI
Who would use a GUI

A

a programmer, analyst or technician - someone who needs to have a direct communication with a computer to develop new software, locate software, etc

the end-user who doesn’t have or doesn’t need to have any great knowledge of how the computer works

36
Q

What is memory management

A

the part of an operating system that controls main memory

37
Q

Functions of memory management

A

» Allows data to be moved between RAM and HDD/SSD during the execution of programs

» keeps track of all the memory locations

» carries out memory protection to ensure that two competing applications cannot use the same memory locations at the same time.

38
Q

Consequences of 2 competing applications using the same memory locations at the same time

A

– data would probably be lost
– applications could produce incorrect results
– potential security issues
– in extreme cases, the computer could crash.

39
Q

What is security management

A

ensures the integrity, confidentiality and availability of data

40
Q

Functions of security management software

A

» by carrying out operating system updates as and when they become available

» by helping to prevent illegal intrusion into the computer system

» ensuring that anti virus software is always up to date

» by communicating with a firewall to check all traffic to and from the computer

» Ensure the privacy of data by making use of privileges.

» by maintaining access rights for all users

» by offering the ability for the recovery of data (and system restore) when it has been lost or corrupted

41
Q

What is hardware management

A

Controls all input and output devices

42
Q

Functions of hardware management

A

» communicates with all input and output devices using device drivers

» uses a device driver to take data from a file and translates it into a format that the input/output device can understand

» ensures each hardware resource has a priority so that they can be used and released as required

» manages input/output devices by controlling queues and buffers

43
Q

What is a buffer

A

A memory area used to store data temporarily

44
Q

Process of printing a document

A

– first of all, the printer driver is located and loaded into memory

– then the data is sent to a printer buffer ready for printing

– if the printer is busy (or the printing job has a low priority) then the data is sent to a printer queue before it can be sent to the printer buffer

45
Q

What is file management

A

part of an operating system that manages files in a computer - create, delete, copy, open, close and rename files

46
Q

Main tasks of file management

A

Performing tasks

Maintaining directory structures

Ensuring memory allocation for a file by reading it from the HDD/SSD and loading it into memory.

Computer Science (28 decks)

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